Ebola history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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* A history of contact with another infected individual should be elicited particularly in the setting of an outbreak. | * A history of contact with another infected individual should be elicited particularly in the setting of an outbreak. | ||
== | ==Symptoms== | ||
* [[Symptoms]] are varied and often appear suddenly. | * [[Symptoms]] are varied and often appear suddenly. | ||
===Phase 1=== | |||
[[Incubation period]] - duration approximately 2 - 21 days, followed by an abrupt onset of [[symptoms]], which include: | |||
== | ====General==== | ||
* [[Fever]] | |||
* [[Chills]] | |||
* [[Malaise]] | |||
====Skin==== | |||
* [[Maculopapular rash]], between the 5th and 7th day | |||
* [[Erythema]] | |||
* [[Desquamation]] (good prognosis) | |||
====Respiratory==== | |||
* [[Chest pain]] | |||
* [[Shortness of breath]] | |||
* [[Cough]] | |||
* [[Sore throat]] | |||
* [[Nasal discharge]] | |||
====Gastrointestinal==== | |||
* [[Loss of appetite]] | |||
* [[Nausea]] | |||
* [[Dysphagia|Trouble swallowing]] | |||
* [[Vomiting]] | |||
* [[Abdominal pain]] - often related with true [[pancreatitis]] | |||
* [[Diarrhea]] | |||
====Vascular==== | |||
* [[Conjunctival injection|Red eye]] | |||
* [[Edema]] | |||
====Neurological==== | |||
* [[Headache]] | |||
* [[Confusion]] | |||
* [[Tinnitus]] | |||
====Osteoarticular==== | |||
* [[Myalgia|Muscle pain]] | |||
* [[Arthralgia|Joint pain]] | |||
* [[Back pain]] | |||
===Phase 2=== | |||
Generally preceded by a short pseudoremission period, which lasts about 24 - 48 hours | |||
====Haemorrhagic manifestations==== | |||
* [[Petechiae]] | |||
* [[Ecchymoses|Bruises]] | |||
* [[Epistaxis|Nasal bleeding]] | |||
* [[Mucosal bleeding]] | |||
* [[Hematemesis]] | |||
* [[Melena]] | |||
* [[Hematuria]] | |||
* Uncontroled [[bleeding]] from venepuncture sites | |||
* Diffuse [[coagulopathy]] | |||
====Nonpsychiatric abnormalities==== | |||
* [[Convulsions]] | |||
* [[Metabolic]] disturbances | |||
* [[Shock]] | |||
* [[Coma]] | |||
* Severe [[bleeding]] ([[urine]] and/or [[gastrointestinal tract]]) | * Severe [[bleeding]] ([[urine]] and/or [[gastrointestinal tract]]) | ||
Revision as of 17:19, 16 July 2014
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Ebola Microchapters |
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Ebola history and symptoms On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ebola history and symptoms |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.; Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]
Overview
Ebola causes a variety of symptoms which may include fever, chills vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding, that follow an incubation period of 2-21 days. These symptoms are common to all species of Ebola virus, but the different species may present with differences in the severity of symptoms.
History
- The early symptoms of a VHF such as Ebola include high fever and headache. These are also symptoms of many infections seen at the health facility
- Most patients who present with fever do not have a VHF. Their fever is more often caused by malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery,severe bacterial infection or other fever-producing illness usually seen in the area
- When a patient presents with fever, exclude other causes of fever. For example, do a malaria smear or take a stool culture as soon as possible
- Treat the most likely cause of the fever according to the appropriate treatment guidelines
- If the fever continues after 3 days of recommended treatment, and if the patient shows evidence of bleeding or shock, consider a VHF
- Review the patient’s history for any contact with someone who was ill, with fever and bleeding or who died from an unexplained illness with these symptoms.
- If no other cause is found for the patient’s signs and symptoms, suspect a VHF. Begin VHF Isolation Precautions.[1]
- Fewer than 50 percent of patients will not develop any hemorrhage.
- A history of contact with another infected individual should be elicited particularly in the setting of an outbreak.
Symptoms
- Symptoms are varied and often appear suddenly.
Phase 1
Incubation period - duration approximately 2 - 21 days, followed by an abrupt onset of symptoms, which include:
General
Skin
- Maculopapular rash, between the 5th and 7th day
- Erythema
- Desquamation (good prognosis)
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Trouble swallowing
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain - often related with true pancreatitis
- Diarrhea
Vascular
Neurological
Osteoarticular
Phase 2
Generally preceded by a short pseudoremission period, which lasts about 24 - 48 hours
Haemorrhagic manifestations
- Petechiae
- Bruises
- Nasal bleeding
- Mucosal bleeding
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Hematuria
- Uncontroled bleeding from venepuncture sites
- Diffuse coagulopathy
Nonpsychiatric abnormalities
- Convulsions
- Metabolic disturbances
- Shock
- Coma
- Severe bleeding (urine and/or gastrointestinal tract)
References
- ↑ "Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting" (PDF). line feed character in
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