Polio classification: Difference between revisions
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== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
In most people with a [[immunocompetent|normal immune system]], a poliovirus infection is asymptomatic | In most people with a [[immunocompetent|normal immune system]], a poliovirus infection is asymptomatic. | ||
The virus enters the central nervous system in about 3% of infections. Most patients with CNS involvement develop non-paralytic [[aseptic meningitis]], with symptoms of headache, neck, back, abdominal and extremity pain, fever, vomiting, [[lethargy]] and irritability.<ref> name=Late>{{cite book | author=Leboeuf C | title=The late effects of Polio: Information For Health Care Providers. | url = http://www.health.qld.gov.au/polio/gp/GP_Manual.pdf| format=PDF | publisher=Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health |year = 1992 |isbn=1-875412-05-0| accessdate=2007-11-10}}</ref> Approximately 1 in 200 to 1 in 1000 cases progress to [[paralytic]] disease, in which the muscles become weak, floppy and poorly-controlled, and finally completely paralyzed; this condition is known as [[Flaccid paralysis|acute flaccid paralysis]].<ref>Frauenthal HWA, Manning JVV (1914). Manual of infantile paralysis, with modern methods of treatment.. Philadelphia Davis, 79–101. OCLC 2078290</ref> Depending on the site of paralysis, paralytic poliomyelitis is classified as ''spinal'', ''bulbar'', or ''bulbospinal''. [[Encephalitis]], an infection of the brain tissue itself, can occur in rare cases and is usually restricted to infants. It is characterized by confusion, changes in mental status, headaches, fever, and less commonly [[seizure]]s and [[spastic paralysis]].<ref name= Encephalitis>{{cite book |author=Wood, Lawrence D. H.; Hall, Jesse B.; Schmidt, Gregory D. |title=Principles of Critical Care, Third Edition |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |location= |year=2005 |pages=870 |isbn=0-07-141640-4 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | ===Abortive Poliomyelitis=== | ||
Rarely the infection produces minor symptoms; these may include upper [[respiratory tract]] infection (sore throat and fever), [[gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal]] disturbances (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or, rarely, diarrhea), and [[influenza]]-like illnesses. | |||
===CNS Involvement=== | |||
The virus enters the central nervous system in about 3% of infections. | |||
====Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis==== | |||
Most patients with CNS involvement develop non-paralytic [[aseptic meningitis]], with symptoms of headache, neck, back, abdominal and extremity pain, fever, vomiting, [[lethargy]] and irritability.<ref> name=Late>{{cite book | author=Leboeuf C | title=The late effects of Polio: Information For Health Care Providers. | url = http://www.health.qld.gov.au/polio/gp/GP_Manual.pdf| format=PDF | publisher=Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health |year = 1992 |isbn=1-875412-05-0| accessdate=2007-11-10}}</ref> | |||
====Paralytic Poliomyelitis==== | |||
Approximately 1 in 200 to 1 in 1000 cases progress to [[paralytic]] disease, in which the muscles become weak, floppy and poorly-controlled, and finally completely paralyzed; this condition is known as [[Flaccid paralysis|acute flaccid paralysis]].<ref>Frauenthal HWA, Manning JVV (1914). Manual of infantile paralysis, with modern methods of treatment.. Philadelphia Davis, 79–101. OCLC 2078290</ref> Depending on the site of paralysis, paralytic poliomyelitis is classified as ''spinal'', ''bulbar'', or ''bulbospinal''. [[Encephalitis]], an infection of the brain tissue itself, can occur in rare cases and is usually restricted to infants. It is characterized by confusion, changes in mental status, headaches, fever, and less commonly [[seizure]]s and [[spastic paralysis]].<ref name= Encephalitis>{{cite book |author=Wood, Lawrence D. H.; Hall, Jesse B.; Schmidt, Gregory D. |title=Principles of Critical Care, Third Edition |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |location= |year=2005 |pages=870 |isbn=0-07-141640-4 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 00:37, 1 September 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The term poliomyelitis is used to identify the disease caused by any of the three serotypes of poliovirus. Two basic patterns of polio infection are described: a minor illness which does not involve the central nervous system (CNS), sometimes called abortive poliomyelitis, and a major illness involving the CNS, which may be paralytic or non-paralytic.[1]
Classification
In most people with a normal immune system, a poliovirus infection is asymptomatic.
Abortive Poliomyelitis
Rarely the infection produces minor symptoms; these may include upper respiratory tract infection (sore throat and fever), gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or, rarely, diarrhea), and influenza-like illnesses.
CNS Involvement
The virus enters the central nervous system in about 3% of infections.
Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Most patients with CNS involvement develop non-paralytic aseptic meningitis, with symptoms of headache, neck, back, abdominal and extremity pain, fever, vomiting, lethargy and irritability.[2]
Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Approximately 1 in 200 to 1 in 1000 cases progress to paralytic disease, in which the muscles become weak, floppy and poorly-controlled, and finally completely paralyzed; this condition is known as acute flaccid paralysis.[3] Depending on the site of paralysis, paralytic poliomyelitis is classified as spinal, bulbar, or bulbospinal. Encephalitis, an infection of the brain tissue itself, can occur in rare cases and is usually restricted to infants. It is characterized by confusion, changes in mental status, headaches, fever, and less commonly seizures and spastic paralysis.[4]
References
- ↑ Falconer M, Bollenbach E (2000). "Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio". American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists. 79 (1): 19–23. PMID 10678598.
- ↑ name=Late>Leboeuf C (1992). The late effects of Polio: Information For Health Care Providers (PDF). Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health. ISBN 1-875412-05-0. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
- ↑ Frauenthal HWA, Manning JVV (1914). Manual of infantile paralysis, with modern methods of treatment.. Philadelphia Davis, 79–101. OCLC 2078290
- ↑ Wood, Lawrence D. H.; Hall, Jesse B.; Schmidt, Gregory D. (2005). Principles of Critical Care, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 870. ISBN 0-07-141640-4.