Hospital-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*HAP and VAP are nosocomial infections with a high mortality in contrast with other nosocomial infections. | *HAP and VAP are nosocomial infections with a high mortality in contrast with other nosocomial infections. | ||
*This higher mortality rate is associated with MDR pathogens. | *This higher mortality rate is associated with MDR pathogens. | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 85%; margin: 3px; width:400px; float:right" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 200px;" | Age | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 200px;" | Females | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 200px;" | Males | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | 18-44 years | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 5% | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 4% | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | 45-64 years | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 14% | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 13% | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | ≥ 65 years | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 34% | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 30% | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Total | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 53% | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 47% | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan=3 | <small>Table adapted from 2009–2011 National Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System <ref name="EckenrodeBakullari2014">{{cite journal|last1=Eckenrode|first1=Sheila|last2=Bakullari|first2=Anila|last3=Metersky|first3=Mark L.|last4=Wang|first4=Yun|last5=Pandolfi|first5=Michelle M.|last6=Galusha|first6=Deron|last7=Jaser|first7=Lisa|last8=Eldridge|first8=Noel|title=The Association between Age, Sex, and Hospital-Acquired Infection Rates: Results from the 2009–2011 National Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System|journal=Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology|volume=35|issue=S3|year=2014|pages=S3–S9|issn=0899823X|doi=10.1086/677831}}</ref> | |||
</small> | |||
|} | |||
===Age=== | |||
*HAP is more commonly reported in patients > 65 years, probably due to the fact that this age population is more commonly hospitalized. | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*There is no predominance in gender, although some data reports a higher incidence among females. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 11 December 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Pneumonia has accounted for approximately 20% of all hospital-associated infections and 27% and 24% of all infections acquired in the medical intensive-care unit (ICU) and coronary care unit, respectively. [1]
Incidence
- The incidence of HAP is 5-15 cases per 1 000 hospital admissions. [2]
- The incidence of VAP is 6 to 20 times more than in patients without mechanical support.
Mortality
- HAP and VAP are nosocomial infections with a high mortality in contrast with other nosocomial infections.
- This higher mortality rate is associated with MDR pathogens.
| Age | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 18-44 years | 5% | 4% |
| 45-64 years | 14% | 13% |
| ≥ 65 years | 34% | 30% |
| Total | 53% | 47% |
| Table adapted from 2009–2011 National Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System [3]
| ||
Age
- HAP is more commonly reported in patients > 65 years, probably due to the fact that this age population is more commonly hospitalized.
Gender
- There is no predominance in gender, although some data reports a higher incidence among females.
References
- ↑ Magill, Shelley S.; Edwards, Jonathan R.; Bamberg, Wendy; Beldavs, Zintars G.; Dumyati, Ghinwa; Kainer, Marion A.; Lynfield, Ruth; Maloney, Meghan; McAllister-Hollod, Laura; Nadle, Joelle; Ray, Susan M.; Thompson, Deborah L.; Wilson, Lucy E.; Fridkin, Scott K. (2014). "Multistate Point-Prevalence Survey of Health Care–Associated Infections". New England Journal of Medicine. 370 (13): 1198–1208. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1306801. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ "Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 171 (4): 388–416. 2005. doi:10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST. ISSN 1073-449X.
- ↑ Eckenrode, Sheila; Bakullari, Anila; Metersky, Mark L.; Wang, Yun; Pandolfi, Michelle M.; Galusha, Deron; Jaser, Lisa; Eldridge, Noel (2014). "The Association between Age, Sex, and Hospital-Acquired Infection Rates: Results from the 2009–2011 National Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 35 (S3): S3–S9. doi:10.1086/677831. ISSN 0899-823X.