Headache causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:10, 19 December 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

The vast majority of headaches are benign and self-limiting. Common causes are tension,Neck pain, migraine, eye strain, dehydration, low blood sugar, and sinusitis. Much rarer are headaches due to life-threatening conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral aneurysms, extremely high blood pressure, and brain tumors. When the headache occurs in conjunction with a head injury the cause is usually quite evident. A large percentage of headaches among females are caused by ever-fluctuating estrogen during menstrual years. This can occur prior to, during or even midcycle menstruation.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System^[1]^[2]

Cardiac	• Hypotension • Hypertension • Malignant hypertension •
Chemical / Poisoning	• Amnesic shellfish poisoning • Anadenanthera peregrina • Antimony • Arsenic poisoning • Artemisia afra • Carbon monoxide • Copper • Cyanide • Heavy metal ingestion • Hemlock • Hydrogen sulfide • Lead poisoning • Manganese • Marine toxins • Monocrotophos • Nicotine poisoning • Radiation poisoning • Soil contamination • Thallium • Toxic headache • Water intoxication •
Dermatologic	• Linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis •
Drug Side Effect	• Acamprosate • Acetaminophen • Acyclovir • Alatrofloxacin Injection • Albendazole • Alosetron • Amantadine • Ambrisentan • Aminophylline • Amiodarone • Amlodipine • Amoxicillin • Amphotericin B • Anagrelide • Armodafinil • Atorvastatin • Atropine • Benazepril • Bepridil • Bexarotene • Bisoprolol • Bosentan * Botulinum toxin • Bromocriptine • Butabarbital • Butorphanol • Cabergoline • Caffeine • Candesartan • Capecitabine • Carbamazepine • Carbidopa and Levodopa • Carbimazole •Carisoprodol • Carmustine • Carteolol • Carvedilol • Caspofungin • Cilansetron • Cilostazol • Clomethiazole • Combined oral contraceptive pill • Cycloserine • Cyclosporin • Cefaclor • Cefamandole Nafate Injection • Cefotetan • Cefdinir * Cetirizine hydrochloride • Cefoperazone Sodium Injection • Calcitriol • Chelation therapy • Chlorothiazide • Chlorthalidone • Cilostazol • Cimetidine • Clopidogrel • Clozapine • Conjugated estrogens • Cyclosporine Injection • Deferasirox • Desmopressin * Dexamethasone • Dexamfetamine • Digoxin • Diltiazem • Dimercaprol • Dinoprostone • Dipivefrine • Dipyridamole • Disopyramide • Docosanol • Dolasetron • Dofetilide • Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol • Doxazosin • Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate • Enalapril * Estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest • Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol • Epinephrine • Eplerenone • Epoprostenol • Ergotamine • Etanercept Injection • Ethacrynic Acid • Ethanol • Ethosuximide • Etodolac • Ezetimibe • Felodipine • Fenofibrate • Fenoldopam • Fesoterodine • Flu vaccine • Fluorouracil • Fluoxetine • Fluvastatin • Epinephrine • Fosinopril • Furosemide • Ganciclovir • Gemeprost • Glimepiride • Glipizide • Glyburide and Metformin * Glyceryl trinitrate • Granisetron • Griseofulvin • Gyromitrin • Ibuprofen • Imiquimod • Indomethacin • Insulin lispro • Influenza vaccine • Imatinib mesylate • Interferon beta- 1b * Interleukin 2 * Isotretinoin • Isosorbide dinitrate • Isosorbide mononitrate * Ketorolac tromethamine * Lansoprazole • Lerisetron • Levofloxacin Levosimendan * Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide • Lofepramine • Lomotil • Loratadine • Lisuride * Medroxyprogesterone • Mefloquine Memantine • Metaxalone * Metformin • Methimazole • Metronidazole * Methotrexate * Methylphenidate • Methyprylon * Misoprostol • Modafinil• Monosodium glutamate • Moricizine * Nafarelin * Naproxen sodium * Niacin/simvastatin • Nicorandil • Nifedipine • Nitrendipine • Nitroglycerine • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs • Norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol * Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol * Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol * Ofloxacin • Oxtriphylline • Oxytocin injection • Omalizumab • Ondansetron • Palonosetron * Pantoprazole * Paroxetine • Pemirolast • Pergolide • Pimecrolimus • Piribedil * Piroxicam * Progesterone Prednisone • Propylthiouracil Potassium iodide • Quinidine • Quinine • Rasagiline • Reproterol • Roflumilast • Ropinirole • Salbutamol •Saxagliptin, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor • Sildenafil • Sodium nitrite • Sulprostone * Sumatriptan * Spironolactone Tacrolimus • Tamsulosin • Tadalafil • Trabectedin Tretinoin • Trimeprazine • Trimethobenzamide • Tribavirin • Trimethadione • Tropisetron • Tolbutamide Valacyclovir • Vardenafil • Venlafaxine • Vitamin A • Vytorin • Zafirlukast Zaleplon * Zidovudine • Zileuton • Zomepirac • Zopiclone •
Ear Nose Throat	• Angina tonsillaris • Nasal polyp • Otitis externa • Otitis media • Pharyngitis • Rhinolith • Peritonsillar abscess • Strep throat • Sinusitis • Trochleitis • Tonsillitis • Upper respiratory tract infection •
Endocrine	• Acromegaly • Addison's disease • Conn syndrome • Diabetes mellitus • Hypoglycemia • Hyperaldosteronism • Hyperparathyroidism • Hyperpituitarism • Insulinoma • Menopause • Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting) • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome •
Environmental Conditions	• Airsickness • Altitude sickness • Brain freeze • Diesel particulate matter • Heat stroke • Ice cream headache • Multiple chemical sensitivity • Second-hand smoke •
Gastroenterologic	• Crohn's disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease •
Genetic	• No underlying causes •
Hematologic	• Anemia • Blood transfusion • Leukemia • Multiple myeloma •
Infectious Disease	Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis • Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold) • Adenoiditis • AIDS • Alkhurma virus • Anaplasmosis • Aseptic meningitis • Aspergillus clavatus • Astrovirus • Blastomycosis • Bolivian hemorrhagic fever • Byssinosis • Brucellosis • Bruxism • Boutonneuse fever • Campylobacteriosis • California encephalitis virus • Chagas disease • Chikungunya • Cladosporium • Cotton fever • Coxsackie B • Cryptococcosis • Cysticercosis • Dengue fever • Dental infection • Ebola • Encephalitis • Fever • Feverfew • Freshers' Flu • Giardia lamblia • Glioblastoma multiforme • Gradenigo's syndrome • Group A streptococcal infection • Haemophilus influenzae serotype B infection • Hangover • Hantavirus • Hay fever • Harvest mite • Henipavirus • Herpes zoster • Hepatitis • Herpesviridae • HIV • Japanese encephalitis[ • Hymenolepis infection • Influenza • Intracranial abscess / granuloma • Lábrea fever • Legionellosis • Leptospirosis • Listeriosis • Lyme disease • Malaria • Marburg virus • Mansonelliasis • Meningococcemia • Meningoencephalitis • Metabolic acidosis • Metal fume fever • Mononucleosis • Micropolyspora faeni • Monkeypox virus • Mucormycosis • Mumps • Mycoplasma pneumoniae • Naegleria fowleri • Naegleria infection • Neisseria meningitidis • Nipah virus encephalitis • Nocardiosis • Norovirus • Oropouche fever • Pityriasis rosea • Psittacosis • Q fever • Ramsay Hunt syndromes • Rat-bite fever • Relapsing fever • Rhinovirus • Rickettsial infections • Rift valley fever • Ross River Fever • Rocky Mountain spotted fever • Rubella • Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula • Snakebite • Scarlet fever • Scrumpox • Shingles • Siraitia grosvenorii • Sitophilus granarius • Sodoku • St. Louis encephalitis • Staphylococcal enteritis • Streptobacillus • Syphilis • Thermoactinomyces sacchari • Thermoactinomyces vulgaris • Trench fever • Trichinosis • Tuberculous meningitis • Tularemia • Typhoid fever • Viral Gastroenteritis • Viral Hepatitis C • West Nile Virus • Yellow fever • Yersinia Pestis Infection • Zika fever •
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	• Cervical spondylosis • Temporomandibular joint disorder •
Neurologic	• Acoustic neuroma • Apoplexy • Arachnoid cyst • Arcuate foramen • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis • Arnold nerve cough syndrome • Epilepsy • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension • Multiple sclerosis • Pituitary apoplexy • Posterior cervical sympathetic syndrome • Posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome • Raised intracranial pressure • Spinal autonomic dysreflexia • West syndrome •
Nutritional / Metabolic	• Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency •
Obstetrics & Gynecology	• Eclampsia • Pre-eclampsia • Pregnancy • Premenstrual syndrome •
Oncologic	• Acoustic neuroma • Adrenal carcinoma • Adrenal tumor • Astrocytoma • Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor • Brain tumor • Brain Stem Gliomas • Carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndrome • Craniopharyngioma • Ependymoma • Gliomatosis cerebri • Medulloblastoma • Meningioma • Oligoastrocytoma • Phaeochromocytoma • Polycythaemia rubra vera • Subdural hygroma • Tongue cancer •
Opthalmologic	• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy • Aneisokonia • Asthenopia • Computer vision syndrome • Ocular Neurosis • Oculogyric crisis • Progressive lenses •
Overdose / Toxicity	• Acute alcohol intoxication • Alcohol withdrawal • Alcoholism • Medication overuse •
Psychiatric	• Anxiety disorder • Functional disorders • Primary affective disorder • Chronic stress • Clinical depression • Workplace stress • Gulf War syndrome •
Pulmonary	• Acute bronchitis • Bird breeder's lung • Bird fancier's lung • Cheese worker's lung • Chemical worker's lung • Cough • Community-acquired pneumonia • Grain handler's lung • Hot tub lung • Humidifier lung • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis • Lower respiratory tract infection • Malt worker's lung • Nylon worker's lung • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome • Paprika splitter's lung •
Renal / Electrolyte	• Diabetic nephropathy • Hypercalcemia • Hyponatremia •
Rheum / Auto Immune / Allergy	• Antiphospholipid syndrome • Polymyalgia rheumatica • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Takayasu arteritis • Temporal arteritis • Wegener's granulomatosis •
Trauma	• Cervical spine trauma • Dental trauma •
Vascular Diseases & Malformations	• Arteriovenous malformation • Berry aneurysm • Carotid artery dissection • Cavernous angioma • Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis • Cerebellar infarction • Cerebral aneurysm • Cerebral arteriovenous malformation • Cerebrovascular accident • Cerebrovascular disease • Epidural hematoma • Intracranial haemorrhage • Migraine • Posterior communicating artery aneurysm • Subarachnoid haemorrhage • Superior vena cava syndrome • Vascular headache • Vertebral artery dissection • Vertebro-basilar artery syndrome •
Miscellaneous	• Agastache rugosa • Bearberry • Cluster headache • Colloid cyst of third ventricle • Hepatic failure • Intracranial space-occupying lesion • Paroxysmal hemicrania, chronic • Parry-Romberg syndrome • Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome • Spontaneous intracranial hypotension • Standing (position) • Thunderclap headache •

Causes by alphabetical order

References

↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016

[2] Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acamprosate]] • [[Acetaminophen]] • [[Acyclovir]] • [[Alatrofloxacin Injection]] • [[Albendazole]] • [[Alosetron]] • [[Amantadine]] • [[Ambrisentan]] • [[Aminophylline]] • [[Amiodarone]] • [[Amlodipine]] • [[Amoxicillin]] • [[Amphotericin B]] • [[Anagrelide]] • [[Armodafinil]] • [[Atorvastatin]] • [[Atropine]] • [[Benazepril]] • [[Bepridil]] • [[Bexarotene]] • [[Bisoprolol]] • [[Bosentan]] * [[Botulinum toxin]] • [[Bromocriptine]] • [[Butabarbital]] • [[Butorphanol]] • [[Cabergoline]] • [[Caffeine]] • [[Candesartan]] • [[Capecitabine]] • [[Carbamazepine]] • [[Carbidopa and Levodopa]] • [[Carbimazole]] •[[Carisoprodol]] • [[Carmustine]] • [[Carteolol]] • [[Carvedilol]] • [[Caspofungin]] • [[Cilansetron]] • [[Cilostazol]] • [[Clomethiazole]] • [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]] • [[Cycloserine]] • [[Cyclosporin]] • [[Cefaclor]] • [[Cefamandole Nafate Injection]] • [[Cefotetan]] • [[Cefdinir]] * [[Cetirizine hydrochloride]] • [[Cefoperazone Sodium Injection]] • [[Calcitriol]] • [[Chelation therapy]] • [[Chlorothiazide]] • [[Chlorthalidone]] • [[Cilostazol]] • [[Cimetidine]] • [[Clopidogrel]] • [[Clozapine]] • [[Conjugated estrogens]] • [[Cyclosporine Injection]] • [[Deferasirox]] • [[Desmopressin]] * [[Dexamethasone]] • [[Dextroamphetamine|Dexamfetamine]] • [[Digoxin]] • [[Diltiazem]] • [[Dimercaprol]] • [[Dinoprostone]] • [[Dipivefrine]] • [[Dipyridamole]] • [[Disopyramide]] • [[Docosanol]] • [[Dolasetron]] • [[Dofetilide]] • [[Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol]] • [[Doxazosin]] • [[Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate]] • [[Enalapril]] * [[Estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest]] • [[Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]] • [[Epinephrine]] • [[Eplerenone]] • [[Epoprostenol]] • [[Ergotamine]] • [[Etanercept Injection]] • [[Ethacrynic Acid]] • [[Ethanol]] • [[Ethosuximide]] • [[Etodolac]] • [[Ezetimibe]] • [[Felodipine]] • [[Fenofibrate]] • [[Fenoldopam]] • [[Fesoterodine]] • [[Flu vaccine]] • [[Fluorouracil]] • [[Fluoxetine]] • [[Fluvastatin]] • [[Epinephrine]] • [[Fosinopril]] • [[Furosemide]] • [[Ganciclovir]] • [[Gemeprost]] • [[Glimepiride]] • [[Glipizide]] • [[Glyburide and Metformin]] * [[Glyceryl trinitrate]] • [[Granisetron]] • [[Griseofulvin]] • [[Gyromitrin]] • [[Ibuprofen]] • [[Imiquimod]] • [[Indomethacin]] • [[Insulin lispro]] • [[Influenza vaccine]] • [[Imatinib mesylate]] • [[Interferon beta- 1b]] * [[Interleukin 2]] * [[Isotretinoin]] • [[Isosorbide dinitrate]] • [[Isosorbide mononitrate]] * [[Ketorolac tromethamine]] * [[Lansoprazole]] • Lerisetron • [[Levofloxacin]] [[Levosimendan]] * [[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]] • [[Lofepramine]] • [[Lomotil]] • [[Loratadine]] • [[Lisuride]] * [[Medroxyprogesterone]] • [[Mefloquine]] [[Memantine]] • [[Metaxalone]] * [[Metformin]] • [[Methimazole]] • [[Metronidazole]]  * [[Methotrexate]] * [[Methylphenidate]] • [[Methyprylon]] * [[Misoprostol]] • [[Modafinil]]• [[Monosodium glutamate]] • [[Moricizine]] * [[Nafarelin]] * [[Naproxen sodium]] * [[Niacin/simvastatin]] • [[Nicorandil]] • [[Nifedipine]] • [[Nitrendipine]] • [[Nitroglycerine]] • [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] • [[Norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol]] * [[Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol]] * [[Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol]] * [[Ofloxacin]] • [[Oxtriphylline]] • [[Oxytocin injection]] • [[Omalizumab]] • [[Ondansetron]] • [[Palonosetron]] * [[Pantoprazole]] * [[Paroxetine]] • Pemirolast • [[Pergolide]] • [[Pimecrolimus]] • [[Piribedil]] * [[Piroxicam]] * [[Progesterone]]  *[[Prednisone]] • [[Propylthiouracil]] • [[Quinidine]] • [[Quinine]] • [[Rasagiline]] • Reproterol • [[Roflumilast]] •  [[Ropinirole]] • [[Salbutamol]] •[[Saxagliptin]], [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]] • [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] • [[Sildenafil]] • [[Sodium nitrite]] • Sulprostone * [[Sumatriptan]] * [[Spironolactone]] *[[Tacrolimus]] • [[Tamsulosin]] • [[Tadalafil]] • [[Trabectedin]] * [[Tretinoin]] • [[Trimeprazine]] • [[Trimethobenzamide]] • Tribavirin • [[Trimethadione]] • [[Tropisetron]] • [[Tolbutamide]] *[[Valacyclovir]] • [[Vardenafil]] • [[Venlafaxine]] • [[Vitamin A]] • [[Vytorin]] • [[Zafirlukast]] * [[Zaleplon]] * [[Zidovudine]] • [[Zileuton]] • [[Zomepirac]] • [[Zopiclone]] •
+|bgcolor="Beige"| • [[Acamprosate]] • [[Acetaminophen]] • [[Acyclovir]] • [[Alatrofloxacin Injection]] • [[Albendazole]] • [[Alosetron]] • [[Amantadine]] • [[Ambrisentan]] • [[Aminophylline]] • [[Amiodarone]] • [[Amlodipine]] • [[Amoxicillin]] • [[Amphotericin B]] • [[Anagrelide]] • [[Armodafinil]] • [[Atorvastatin]] • [[Atropine]] • [[Benazepril]] • [[Bepridil]] • [[Bexarotene]] • [[Bisoprolol]] • [[Bosentan]] * [[Botulinum toxin]] • [[Bromocriptine]] • [[Butabarbital]] • [[Butorphanol]] • [[Cabergoline]] • [[Caffeine]] • [[Candesartan]] • [[Capecitabine]] • [[Carbamazepine]] • [[Carbidopa and Levodopa]] • [[Carbimazole]] •[[Carisoprodol]] • [[Carmustine]] • [[Carteolol]] • [[Carvedilol]] • [[Caspofungin]] • [[Cilansetron]] • [[Cilostazol]] • [[Clomethiazole]] • [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]] • [[Cycloserine]] • [[Cyclosporin]] • [[Cefaclor]] • [[Cefamandole Nafate Injection]] • [[Cefotetan]] • [[Cefdinir]] * [[Cetirizine hydrochloride]] • [[Cefoperazone Sodium Injection]] • [[Calcitriol]] • [[Chelation therapy]] • [[Chlorothiazide]] • [[Chlorthalidone]] • [[Cilostazol]] • [[Cimetidine]] • [[Clopidogrel]] • [[Clozapine]] • [[Conjugated estrogens]] • [[Cyclosporine Injection]] • [[Deferasirox]] • [[Desmopressin]] * [[Dexamethasone]] • [[Dextroamphetamine|Dexamfetamine]] • [[Digoxin]] • [[Diltiazem]] • [[Dimercaprol]] • [[Dinoprostone]] • [[Dipivefrine]] • [[Dipyridamole]] • [[Disopyramide]] • [[Docosanol]] • [[Dolasetron]] • [[Dofetilide]] • [[Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol]] • [[Doxazosin]] • [[Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate]] • [[Enalapril]] * [[Estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest]] • [[Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]] • [[Epinephrine]] • [[Eplerenone]] • [[Epoprostenol]] • [[Ergotamine]] • [[Etanercept Injection]] • [[Ethacrynic Acid]] • [[Ethanol]] • [[Ethosuximide]] • [[Etodolac]] • [[Ezetimibe]] • [[Felodipine]] • [[Fenofibrate]] • [[Fenoldopam]] • [[Fesoterodine]] • [[Flu vaccine]] • [[Fluorouracil]] • [[Fluoxetine]] • [[Fluvastatin]] • [[Epinephrine]] • [[Fosinopril]] • [[Furosemide]] • [[Ganciclovir]] • [[Gemeprost]] • [[Glimepiride]] • [[Glipizide]] • [[Glyburide and Metformin]] * [[Glyceryl trinitrate]] • [[Granisetron]] • [[Griseofulvin]] • [[Gyromitrin]] • [[Ibuprofen]] • [[Imiquimod]] • [[Indomethacin]] • [[Insulin lispro]] • [[Influenza vaccine]] • [[Imatinib mesylate]] • [[Interferon beta- 1b]] * [[Interleukin 2]] * [[Isotretinoin]] • [[Isosorbide dinitrate]] • [[Isosorbide mononitrate]] * [[Ketorolac tromethamine]] * [[Lansoprazole]] • Lerisetron • [[Levofloxacin]] [[Levosimendan]] * [[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]] • [[Lofepramine]] • [[Lomotil]] • [[Loratadine]] • [[Lisuride]] * [[Medroxyprogesterone]] • [[Mefloquine]] [[Memantine]] • [[Metaxalone]] * [[Metformin]] • [[Methimazole]] • [[Metronidazole]]  * [[Methotrexate]] * [[Methylphenidate]] • [[Methyprylon]] * [[Misoprostol]] • [[Modafinil]]• [[Monosodium glutamate]] • [[Moricizine]] * [[Nafarelin]] * [[Naproxen sodium]] * [[Niacin/simvastatin]] • [[Nicorandil]] • [[Nifedipine]] • [[Nitrendipine]] • [[Nitroglycerine]] • [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] • [[Norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol]] * [[Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol]] * [[Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol]] * [[Ofloxacin]] • [[Oxtriphylline]] • [[Oxytocin injection]] • [[Omalizumab]] • [[Ondansetron]] • [[Palonosetron]] * [[Pantoprazole]] * [[Paroxetine]] • Pemirolast • [[Pergolide]] • [[Pimecrolimus]] • [[Piribedil]] * [[Piroxicam]] * [[Progesterone]]  *[[Prednisone]] • [[Propylthiouracil]] * [[Potassium iodide]] • [[Quinidine]] • [[Quinine]] • [[Rasagiline]] • Reproterol • [[Roflumilast]] •  [[Ropinirole]] • [[Salbutamol]] •[[Saxagliptin]], [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]] • [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] • [[Sildenafil]] • [[Sodium nitrite]] • Sulprostone * [[Sumatriptan]] * [[Spironolactone]] *[[Tacrolimus]] • [[Tamsulosin]] • [[Tadalafil]] • [[Trabectedin]] * [[Tretinoin]] • [[Trimeprazine]] • [[Trimethobenzamide]] • Tribavirin • [[Trimethadione]] • [[Tropisetron]] • [[Tolbutamide]] *[[Valacyclovir]] • [[Vardenafil]] • [[Venlafaxine]] • [[Vitamin A]] • [[Vytorin]] • [[Zafirlukast]] * [[Zaleplon]] * [[Zidovudine]] • [[Zileuton]] • [[Zomepirac]] • [[Zopiclone]] •
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