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{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
{{drugbox |
|authorTag=
| width=220
 
| IUPAC_name = 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene) -4-dimethylamino -5,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy -6-methyl -
 
4,4a,5,5a,6,12a-hexahydrotetracene -1,3,12-trione
<!--Overview-->
| CAS_number =79-57-2
 
| ATC_prefix=J01
|genericName=
| ATC_suffix=AA06
 
| ATC_supplemental={{ATC|D06|AA03}} {{ATC|G01|AA07}}
 
| PubChem=5353856
 
| DrugBank=APRD00019
|aOrAn=
| C=22 | H=24 | N=2 | O=9
 
| molecular_weight = 460.434 [[gram|g]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]
a
| bioavailability = ?
 
| metabolism = ?
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| elimination_half-life = ? [[hour]]s
 
| excretion = ?
 
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=====Condition1=====
==Overview==
'''Oxytetracycline''' was the second of the [[broad-spectrum antibiotic|broad-spectrum]]  [[tetracycline antibiotics|tetracycline group]] of [[antibiotic]]s to be discovered.


* Developed by:
==History==
It was first found near [[Pfizer]] laboratories in a soil sample yielding the soil [[actinomycete]], ''Streptomyces rimosus'' by Finlay et al. In 1953, a celebrated Scottish American [[biochemist]], Robert B Woodward, worked out the chemical structure of Oxytetracycline, enabling Pfizer to mass produce the drug under the trade name, Terramycin. This discovery by Woodward was a major advancement in Tetracycline research and paved the way for the discovery of an Oxytetracycline derivative, [[Doxycycline]], which is one of the most popularly used antibiotics today.


* Class of Recommendation:
==Indications==
Oxytetracycline, like other Tetracyclines, is used to treat many infections common and rare (see [[Tetracycline antibiotics]] group). Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe [[Acne vulgaris|acne]] at a dosage of 250-500mg four times a day for usually 6-8 weeks at a time, but alternatives should be sought if no improvement occurs by 3 months.<ref>British National Formulary ''45'' March 2003</ref>


* Strength of Evidence:
It is sometimes used to treat [[Spirochaetal]] infection,Clostridial wound infection and Anthrax in patients sensitive to Penicillin. Oxytetracycline is used to treat infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, ear, eye and Gonorrhoea although the use of Tetracyclines for such purposes has declined in recent years due to large increases in bacterial resistance to this class of drugs. The drug is particularly useful when Penicillins and/or Macrolides cannot be used due to allergy. It may be used to treat Legionnaire's Disease as a substitute for a Macrolide or Quinolone.


* Dosing Information
Oxytetracycline is especially valuable in treating Non-Specific-Urethritis, LGV, Lyme disease, Brucellosis, Cholera, Plague, Typhus, Relapsing Fever, Tulaeraemia and infections caused by Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia. Doxycycline is now preferred to Oxytetracycline for many of these indications because it has improved pharmacologic features.


:* Dosage
The standard dose is 250-500mg six hourly by mouth. In particularly severe infections this dose may be increased accordingly. Occasionally, Oxytetracycline is given by intramuscular injection or topically in the form of creams, ophthalmic ointments or eye drops.


=====Condition2=====
==Veterinary indications==
Oxytetracycline is used to control the outbreak of American Foulbrood and European Foulbrood in honeybees.


There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
==Side effects==
Side effects are mainly gastrointestinal and photosensitive allergic reactions common to the [[tetracycline antibiotics]] group.<BR>
Can also damage calcium rich organs such as teeth and bones although this is very rare, sometimes causes naval cavities to erode, quite common, the BNF suggests that because of this Tetracyclines should not be used to treat pregnant or lactating women and children under 12 except in certain conditions where it has been approved by a specialist because there are no obvious substitutes. Candidiasis (Thrush) is not uncommon following treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics.


<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
== Formulation ==
Tablets containing 250mg Tablets of Oxytetracycline as the dihydrate.


|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


=====Condition1=====
{{Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use}}
{{Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics}}
{{TetracyclineAntiBiotics}}


* Dosing Information
[[Category:Tetracycline antibiotics]]
[[Category:Beekeeping]]


:* Dosage
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=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
=====Musculoskeletal=====
=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
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|postmarketing=
There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Body as a Whole=====
=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
=====Musculoskeletal=====
=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
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* Drug
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* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=
* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
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|useInRace=
There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=
There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=
There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=
There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=
There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=
* Oral
* Intravenous
|monitoring=
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* Description
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<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose=
===Acute Overdose===
====Signs and Symptoms====
* Description
====Management====
* Description
===Chronic Overdose===
There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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*
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<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=
There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=
There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=
There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=
There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--How Supplied-->
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*
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|fdaPatientInfo=
There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=
* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
<!--Brand Names-->
|brandNames=
* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  | url =  }}</ref>
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
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<!--Category-->


[[Category:Drug]]
{{WH}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 17:46, 19 January 2015

Oxytetracycline
Clinical data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability?
Metabolism?
Elimination half-life? hours
Excretion?
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H24N2O9
Molar mass460.434 g/mol

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Overview

Oxytetracycline was the second of the broad-spectrum tetracycline group of antibiotics to be discovered.

History

It was first found near Pfizer laboratories in a soil sample yielding the soil actinomycete, Streptomyces rimosus by Finlay et al. In 1953, a celebrated Scottish American biochemist, Robert B Woodward, worked out the chemical structure of Oxytetracycline, enabling Pfizer to mass produce the drug under the trade name, Terramycin. This discovery by Woodward was a major advancement in Tetracycline research and paved the way for the discovery of an Oxytetracycline derivative, Doxycycline, which is one of the most popularly used antibiotics today.

Indications

Oxytetracycline, like other Tetracyclines, is used to treat many infections common and rare (see Tetracycline antibiotics group). Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe acne at a dosage of 250-500mg four times a day for usually 6-8 weeks at a time, but alternatives should be sought if no improvement occurs by 3 months.[1]

It is sometimes used to treat Spirochaetal infection,Clostridial wound infection and Anthrax in patients sensitive to Penicillin. Oxytetracycline is used to treat infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, ear, eye and Gonorrhoea although the use of Tetracyclines for such purposes has declined in recent years due to large increases in bacterial resistance to this class of drugs. The drug is particularly useful when Penicillins and/or Macrolides cannot be used due to allergy. It may be used to treat Legionnaire's Disease as a substitute for a Macrolide or Quinolone.

Oxytetracycline is especially valuable in treating Non-Specific-Urethritis, LGV, Lyme disease, Brucellosis, Cholera, Plague, Typhus, Relapsing Fever, Tulaeraemia and infections caused by Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia. Doxycycline is now preferred to Oxytetracycline for many of these indications because it has improved pharmacologic features.

The standard dose is 250-500mg six hourly by mouth. In particularly severe infections this dose may be increased accordingly. Occasionally, Oxytetracycline is given by intramuscular injection or topically in the form of creams, ophthalmic ointments or eye drops.

Veterinary indications

Oxytetracycline is used to control the outbreak of American Foulbrood and European Foulbrood in honeybees.

Side effects

Side effects are mainly gastrointestinal and photosensitive allergic reactions common to the tetracycline antibiotics group.
Can also damage calcium rich organs such as teeth and bones although this is very rare, sometimes causes naval cavities to erode, quite common, the BNF suggests that because of this Tetracyclines should not be used to treat pregnant or lactating women and children under 12 except in certain conditions where it has been approved by a specialist because there are no obvious substitutes. Candidiasis (Thrush) is not uncommon following treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics.

Formulation

Tablets containing 250mg Tablets of Oxytetracycline as the dihydrate.

References

  1. ↑ British National Formulary 45 March 2003


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