Erythema: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:14, 18 February 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Erythema is redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion. It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatments, acne medication, allergies, exercise or solar radiation (sunburn), and waxing and plucking of the hairs any of which can cause the capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness. Erythema is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment due to patient exposure to ionizing radiation.

Causes

It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatment, acne medication, allergies, exercise, solar radiation (sunburn), cutaneous radiation syndrome, niacin administration, vitamin A toxicity, or waxing and tweezing of the hairs—any of which can cause the capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness. Erythema is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment due to patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Circumoral erythema has been described as a typical sign of acute oleander poisoning by ingestion.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Kawasaki disease, Lomotil, Necrotising microvasculitis, Phlebitis
Chemical/Poisoning	1-Amino-2-propanol, 1-Pentanethiol, 1,2-Dibromoethane, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, 3-Aminopyridine, 4-Aminopyridine, Abalone poisoning, Acetic acid, Acrolein, Acute pesticide poisoning, Adverse reaction to chemical, Alclometasone, Alcohol flush reaction, Alcohol tolerance, Alcoholism, Allyl Glycidyl Ether, Allylamines, Aluminum Phosphide, Aminopterin, Ammonium bituminosulfonate, Ammonium nitrate ingestion, Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Sulfamate, Amylcinnamic alcohol, Anisole, Anisyl alcohol, Asparagus Fern poisoning, Australian Umbrella Tree poisoning, Benaldehyde, Benomyl, Benyl alcohol, Benyl salicylate, Benzanthrone, Biphenyl, Bleeding heart (plant) poisoning, Boxwood poisoning, Bromates, Bromides, Butyl Alcohol, Candelabra cactus poisoning, Caper spruge poisoning, Carbon Tetrachloride, Caterpillar complication poisoning, Celgene, Chemical allergy, Chemical burn, Chemical poisoning, Chlordecone, Chlormezanone, Chloromethane, Churee poisoning, Cinnamic alcohol, Cinnamic aldehyde, Clematis poisoning, Clobetasol propionate, Crown of Thorns poisoning, Cyclohexanol, Cyclohexanone, Cypress spurge poisoning, Devil's trumpet poisoning, Eflornithine, Elephant's-ear poisoning, Epidemic dropsy, Ethotoin, Eucalyptus poisoning, Eugenol, Euphorbium poisoning, False cactus poisoning, Fishtail palm poisoning, Flax poisoning, Flowering spurge poisoning, Garden chrysanthemum poisoning, Geraniol, Geranium poisoning, Ginger lily poisoning, Gold salts, Heliotrope poisoning, High Melting Explosive, Hops poisoning, Houseleek poisoning, Hydroid poisoning, Hydroxycitronellal,Hydroquinone, Hydroxocobalamin, Isoeugenol, Japanese Boxwood poisoning, Jimsonweed poisoning, Leatherwood poisoning, Lewisite, Maidenhair tree poisoning, Maprotiline, Merbromin, Mercury poisoning, Methamidophos, Methyl Isocyanate, Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether, Methylene Chloride, Milkbush poisoning, Morpholine, Musk ambrette, N-Butyl Chloride, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone, Nitric Acid, Nitroethane, Nitrofen, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitromethane, Oak moss absolute, Orf, Oyster plant poisoning, Paraphenylenediamine, Pazopanib, Pentaborane, Pentachlorophenol, Peplomycin, Pepper Spray, Perazine, Peruvian lily poisoning, Phenolphthalein, Phenylbutazone, Phthalthrin, Piggyback plant poisoning, Pineapple sap poisoning, Plant poisoning (Datura stramonium), Plant poisoning (Datura suaveolans), Plant poisoning (Euphorbiaceae), Plumbago poisoning, Poinsettia poisoning, Potassium iodide, Primidone, Primrose poisoning, Pyrethrin, Pyridine, Saddleback caterpillar poisoning, Sandalwood oil, Sassafras Oil (herbal agent) , Sea onion poisoning, Sea wasp poisoning (Chironex fleckeri), Sea wasp poisoning (Chiropsalmus quadrigatus), Sea wasp poisoning, Selenium Dioxide, Senecio poisoning, Snake plant poisoning, Streptozocin
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Acne rosasea, Acne, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, Angioedema, Aphthous ulcer, Bazin disease, Bedsores, Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus, Bronchial adenomata syndrome, Bullous palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia, Bullous Pemphigoid, Chloasma, Chrome contact allergy, Contact dermatitis, Dandruff, Dermatitis ab igne, Dermatitis, Dermatosis, Diaper rash, Duhring-Brocq disease, Ecthyma gangrenosum, Eczema, Eicosanoid, Enfuvirtide, Erysipelas, Erythema ab igne, Erythema annulare centrifugum, Erythema annulare, Erythema chronicum migrans, Erythema craquele, Erythema elevatum diutinum, Erythema induratum, Erythema infectiosum, Erythema marginatum, Erythema migrans, Erythema multiforme, Erythema neonatorum, Erythema nodosum, Erythema toxicum, Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva, Erythrokeratodermia variabilis, Erythromelalgia, Erythropoietic protoporphyria, Exfoliative erythroderma syndrome, Flushing, Granulosis rubra nasi, Harlequin-type ichthyosis, Histrelin, Ichthyosis, Impetigo herpetiformis, Impetigo, Incontinentia pigmenti, Intertrigo, Lamellar ichthyosis, Majocchi disease, Melasma, Millian erythema, Mucositis, Palmar erythema, Papular mucinosis, Peeling skin syndrome, Phytophotodermatitis, Pityriasis rubra pilaris, Pityriasis rubra, Prosector's wart, Rhinophyma, Rosacea, Roseola infantum, Rowell syndrome, Seborrheic dermatitis, Seborrheic keratosis
Drug Side Effect	Acetazolamide, Acetylcysteine, Acyclovir, Allopurinol, Amifostine, Antibiotics, Anticonvulsants, Antihypertensive drug allergy, Aspirin, Axitinib, Barbiturates, Barium nitrate, Benoxaprofen, Benzodiazepines, Beta-lactam antibiotic, Bezafibrate, Bleomycin, Brentuximab vedotin, Cabozantinib, Calcium hypochlorite, Capecitabine, Carbamazepine, Cetrorelix, Chlorambucil, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Chlorpropamide, Clindamycin, Clofazimine, Clofibrate, Cold panniculitis of Haxthausen, Coumarin, Cytosine arabinoside, caspofungin acetate, capsaicin, Dabrafenib, D-Aminolevulinic acid, Dapsone, Degarelix, Desmopressin, Dexamethasone, Diclofenac, Diltiazem, Diphenhydramine, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Drug Allergies, Erlotinib, Etravirine, Everolimus, Floxuridine, Flucytosine, Fluorouracil, Fosamprenavir, Herbal Agent, Hydraine, Hydralazine, Hydroxycarbamide, Hyoscine, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibuprofen, Idarubicin, Imiquimod, Ipilimumab, Isoniazid, Ixabepilone, Ketoprofen, Lamotrigine, Lapatinib ditosylate, Leflunomide, Maté (herbal agent) adverse reaction, Meprobamate, Methscopolamine, Methyl Bromide, Methyldopa, Methyldopate, Methylphenidate, Metronidazole, Modafinil, Muromonab-CD3, Netupitant and palonosetron, Nevirapine, Oral contraceptives,Oxytetracycline, Paracetamol, Penicillamine, Penicillin, Peppermint Oil (herbal agent) , Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Pipothiazine, Pomalidomide, Procainamide, permethrin, Procarbazine, prednisolone, Retinol, Quinine, Regorafenib, Sertaconazole, Sezary syndrome, Tazarotene, Tretinoin, Tolbutamide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Glucagonoma Syndrome, Glucagonoma, Hyperoestrogenic states, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism
Environmental	Chilblains, Environmental factors, Heat rash, Heatstroke, Photosensitivity, Radiation burn
Gastroenterologic	Alcoholic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Colitis, Hepatic failure, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Liver cirrhosis, Obstructive biliary disease, Palmar erythema
Genetic	Bloom syndrome, C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, CHILD syndrome, Chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita, Chondrodystrophia punctata, Chromosome 9q deletion syndrome, Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, Complement 5 deficiency, Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome, Davis syndrome, Familial cold urticaria, Giroux-Barbeau syndrome, Gitelman syndrome, Gottron syndrome, Hereditary C2 deficiency, Hereditary C4 deficiency, Hyper-IgE syndrome, Immunodeficiency with short limb dwarfism, Majeed syndrome, Microphthalmia-dermal aplasia-sclerocornea syndrome, Nephroblastomatosis, fetal ascites, macrosomia and Wilms tumor, Nephroblastomatosis, Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, Omenn syndrome, Oudsthoorn disease, Recurrent hereditary polyserositis, Roberts syndrome, Sjogren-Larsson syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine, Radiotherapy
Infectious Disease	Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Athlete's foot, Atypical measles syndrome, Bannwarrth syndrome, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Blastomycosis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Boutonneuse fever, Candida paronychia, Candidiasis, Cat scratch disease, Cellulitis, Chancroid, Chickenpox, Chikungunya, Chlamydia infection, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioidomycosis, Coxsackie, Cutaneous larva migrans, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Dengue, Dermatophytids, Disseminated gonococcal infection, Edwardsiella tarda infection, Ehrlichiosis, Epstein Barr virus, Erythrovirus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Fifth disease, Gnathostomiasis, Granuloma inguinale, Hand foot syndrome, Haverhill fever, Herpes simplex, Hibernian fever, Histoplasmosis, Human immunodeficiency virus, Infection, Infectious mononucleosis, Latent tuberculosis, Leishmaniasis, Lenalidomide, Leprosy, Leptospirosis, Levomepromazine, Loiasis, Lyme disease, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Measles, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma, Neisseria meningitidis, Onchocerciasis, Orthopoxvirus, Parvovirus B19, Perinatal infection, Protothecosis, Psittacosis, Rat-bite fever, Relapsing fever, Rheumatic fever, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia orientalis, Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsialpox, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rubella, Rubeola, Salmonella typhi, Sarcoptes scabiei, Scabies, Scarlet fever, Shingles
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Myositis, Necrotising fascitis
Neurologic	Autonomic dysreflexia, Burning Feet Syndrome, Glioblastoma multiforme, Morton's neuroma, Peripheral neuropathy
Nutritional/Metabolic	Pellagra
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy
Oncologic	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropthy, Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Paraneoplastic syndrome, Sezary syndrome
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Gitelman syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Allergic contact dermatitis, Allergies, Autoimmune disorders, Behcet's Disease, Blau syndrome, Chronic necrotizing vasculitis, Crohn disease, Dermatomyositis, Discoid lupus erythematosus, Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride mix allergy, Graft versus host disease, Hypersensitivity, IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergy, Inflammatory bowel disease, Insect allergy, Interleukin-2, Isothiazolinone allergy, Lupus erythematosus, Mercaptobenzothiazole allergy, Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder, Morphine allergy, Neonatal lupus syndrome, Non-Food Allergy, Novacaine drug allergy, P-Phenylenediamine allergy, Penicillin allergy, Polychondritis, Psoriasis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, Reiter's syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Scleredema adultorum, Scleroderma, Senear-Usher syndrome, Skin allergy
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Brachioradial pruritus, Burns, Cyanea sting, Excess friction and sweating, Injury, Insect bite, Mosquito, Necrolytic migratory erythema, Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia, Panniculitis, Reflex sympathetic osteodystrophy, Sarcoidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Associated conditions

In about 30-50% of cases, the cause of Erythema is unknown.

Pathological Findings

Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

External links

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acne rosasea]],  [[Acne]],  [[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]],  [[Angioedema]],  [[Aphthous ulcer]],  [[Bazin disease]],  [[Bedsores]],  [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]],  [[Bronchial adenomata syndrome]],  [[Bullous palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia]],  [[Bullous Pemphigoid]],  [[Chloasma]],  [[Chrome contact allergy]],  [[Contact dermatitis]],  [[Dandruff]],  [[Dermatitis ab igne]],  [[Dermatitis]],  [[Dermatosis]],  [[Diaper rash]],  [[Duhring-Brocq disease]],  [[Ecthyma gangrenosum]],  [[Eczema]],  [[Eicosanoid]],  [[Enfuvirtide]],  [[Erysipelas]],  [[Erythema ab igne]],  [[Erythema annulare centrifugum]],  [[Erythema annulare]],  [[Erythema chronicum migrans]],  [[Erythema craquele]],  [[Erythema elevatum diutinum]],  [[Erythema induratum]],  [[Erythema infectiosum]],  [[Erythema marginatum]],  [[Erythema migrans]],  [[Erythema multiforme]],  [[Erythema neonatorum]],  [[Erythema nodosum]],  [[Erythema toxicum]],  [[Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva]],  [[Erythrokeratodermia variabilis]],  [[Erythromelalgia]],  [[Erythropoietic protoporphyria]],  [[Exfoliative erythroderma syndrome]],  [[Flushing]],  [[Granulosis rubra nasi]],  [[Harlequin-type ichthyosis]],  [[Ichthyosis]],  [[Impetigo herpetiformis]],  [[Impetigo]],  [[Incontinentia pigmenti]],  [[Intertrigo]],  [[Lamellar ichthyosis]],  [[Majocchi disease]],  [[Melasma]],  [[Millian erythema]],  [[Mucositis]],  [[Palmar erythema]], [[Papular mucinosis]],  [[Peeling skin syndrome]],  [[Phytophotodermatitis]],  [[Pityriasis rubra pilaris]],  [[Pityriasis rubra]],  [[Prosector's wart]],  [[Rhinophyma]],  [[Rosacea]],  [[Roseola infantum]],  [[Rowell syndrome]],  [[Seborrheic dermatitis]],  [[Seborrheic keratosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acne rosasea]],  [[Acne]],  [[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]],  [[Angioedema]],  [[Aphthous ulcer]],  [[Bazin disease]],  [[Bedsores]],  [[Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus]],  [[Bronchial adenomata syndrome]],  [[Bullous palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia]],  [[Bullous Pemphigoid]],  [[Chloasma]],  [[Chrome contact allergy]],  [[Contact dermatitis]],  [[Dandruff]],  [[Dermatitis ab igne]],  [[Dermatitis]],  [[Dermatosis]],  [[Diaper rash]],  [[Duhring-Brocq disease]],  [[Ecthyma gangrenosum]],  [[Eczema]],  [[Eicosanoid]],  [[Enfuvirtide]],  [[Erysipelas]],  [[Erythema ab igne]],  [[Erythema annulare centrifugum]],  [[Erythema annulare]],  [[Erythema chronicum migrans]],  [[Erythema craquele]],  [[Erythema elevatum diutinum]],  [[Erythema induratum]],  [[Erythema infectiosum]],  [[Erythema marginatum]],  [[Erythema migrans]],  [[Erythema multiforme]],  [[Erythema neonatorum]],  [[Erythema nodosum]],  [[Erythema toxicum]],  [[Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva]],  [[Erythrokeratodermia variabilis]],  [[Erythromelalgia]],  [[Erythropoietic protoporphyria]],  [[Exfoliative erythroderma syndrome]],  [[Flushing]],  [[Granulosis rubra nasi]],  [[Harlequin-type ichthyosis]], [[Histrelin]], [[Ichthyosis]],  [[Impetigo herpetiformis]],  [[Impetigo]],  [[Incontinentia pigmenti]],  [[Intertrigo]],  [[Lamellar ichthyosis]],  [[Majocchi disease]],  [[Melasma]],  [[Millian erythema]],  [[Mucositis]],  [[Palmar erythema]], [[Papular mucinosis]],  [[Peeling skin syndrome]],  [[Phytophotodermatitis]],  [[Pityriasis rubra pilaris]],  [[Pityriasis rubra]],  [[Prosector's wart]],  [[Rhinophyma]],  [[Rosacea]],  [[Roseola infantum]],  [[Rowell syndrome]],  [[Seborrheic dermatitis]],  [[Seborrheic keratosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 411: / Line 411: @@
 *[[High Melting Explosive]]
 *[[Histoplasmosis]]
+*[[Histrelin]]
 *[[Hops poisoning]]
 *[[Houseleek poisoning]]

v t e Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (integumentary system) (L, 680-709)
Infections	Template:Navbox subgroup
Bullous disorders	acantholysis (Pemphigus, Transient acantholytic dermatosis) · Pemphigoid (Bullous, Cicatricial, Gestational) · Dermatitis herpetiformis
Inflammatory	Template:Navbox subgroup
Radiation-related disorders	Sunburn · actinic rays (Actinic keratosis, Actinic cheilitis) · Polymorphous light eruption (Acne aestivalis) · Radiodermatitis · Erythema ab igne
Pigmentation disorder	hypopigmentation (Albinism, Vitiligo) · hyperpigmentation (Melasma, Freckle, Café au lait spot, Lentigo/Liver spot, Acanthosis nigricans, Acral acanthotic anomaly)
Other skin	keratosis/hyperkeratosis (Seborrheic keratosis, Callus) · other epidermal thickening (Ichthyosis acquisita, Palmoplantar keratoderma) skin ulcer (Pyoderma gangrenosum, Bedsore) Cutaneous Markers of Internal Malignancy (Florid cutaneous papillomatosis, acanthosis nigricans, sign of Leser-Trelat) atrophic (Lichen sclerosus, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) necrobiosis (Granuloma annulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica) · other granuloma (Granuloma faciale, Pyogenic granuloma) cutaneous vasculitis (Livedoid vasculitis, Erythema elevatum diutinum)
Connective tissues	collagen disease: Keloid localized connective tissue disorders: Lupus erythematosus (Discoid lupus erythematosus, Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus) · Scleroderma/Morphea · Linear scleroderma · Calcinosis cutis · Sclerodactyly · Ainhum
see also congenital, neoplasia