Peripheral arterial disease causes

Peripheral arterial disease Microchapters
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Overview
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Causes
Differentiating Peripheral arterial disease from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
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Case #1
AHA/ACC Guidelines on Management of Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Clinical Assessment of Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Diagnostic Testing for suspected PAD
Guidelines for Screening for Atherosclerotic Disease in Other Vascular Beds in patients with Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Medical Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Structured Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Minimizing Tissue Loss in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Revascularization of Claudication in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Management of CLI in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Management of Acute Limb Ischemial in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Longitudinal Follow-up for Lower Extremity PAD
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby

Overview

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is most commonly a manifestation of atherosclerosis resulting from vascular inflammation. Other uncommon causes should be suspected when the PAD occurs at a young age and in the context of a positive history. Uncommon causes include degenerative diseases (Marfan's syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), dysplastic disorders (fibromuscular dysplasia), inflammatory diseases (arteritis) and hypercoagulable states.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Atherosclerosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arteriomegaly, arteritis, atherosclerosis, Erdheim cystic medial necrosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, hypertension, Leriche's syndrome, multifocal fibrosclerosis, Sneddon syndrome, Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis, thromboangiitis obliterans, thromboembolism
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, Marfan's syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, forme fruste
Hematologic	Homocysteinemia, Hypercoagulable state, In situ thrombosis, Thrombophilias
Iatrogenic	Surgery, In situ thrombosis
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Neurofibromatosis, Sneddon syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyperlipidemia, lipoproteinemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Cancer
Opthalmologic	Sneddon syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Obesity, old age, prolonged immobilization, sedentary life style, smoking

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Arteriomegaly
• Arteritis
• Atherosclerosis
• Cancer
• Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease
• Diabetes
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Erdheim cystic medial necrosis
• Fibromuscular dysplasia
• Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
• Homocysteinemia
• Hypercoagulable state
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertension
• In situ thrombosis
• Leriche's syndrome
• Lipoproteinemia
• Marfan's syndrome
• Multifocal fibrosclerosis
• Neurofibromatosis
• Obesity
• Old age
• Prolonged immobilization
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, forme fruste
• Sedentary life style
• Sneddon syndrome
• Surgery
• Takayasu's arteritis
• Temporal arteritis
• Thromboangiitis obliterans
• Thromboembolism
• Thrombophilias
• Vasculitis

References

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