Clostridium difficile infection risk factors: Difference between revisions

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{{Clostridium difficile}}
{{Clostridium difficile}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
==Common Risk Factors==


==Risk Factors==
===Risk Factors by Organ System===
* Most antibiotics, including metronidazole, can be associated with ''C. diff'' infection, though the most commonly implicated are ampicillin, clindamycin, and the cephalosporins.  Antibiotics only rarely associated with infection include parenteral antibiotics, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, metronidazole and vancomycin.  Onset is usually during or shortly after a course of antibiotics.
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
* Patients who have been staying long-term in a hospital or a nursing home have a higher likelihood of being [[Colony (biology)|colonized]] by this bacterium.  Hospitalized patients are more likely to infected if their roommates are infected.  ''C. diff'' can be cultured from many surfaces in the hospital room, and spores have been identified everywhere, including toilets, floors, mops, scales, furniture, etc.  Health care workers commonly carry the organism on their hands, clothing and stethoscopes, though they are not usually fecal carriers.
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
* Hospital outbreaks are common.
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
* Newborns are often infected, but are asymptomatic.  By 24 months of age, over half of toddlers have immunoglobulins to toxins A and B.
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amoxicillin]], [[Amoxicillin]], [[Aztreonam]], [[Cefotaxime sodium]], [[Cefprozil]], [[Cefotetan disodium]], [[Cefuroxime]], [[Doripenem]], [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]], [[Meropenem]], [[Mupirocin]], [[Quinupristin dalfopristin]], [[Rifabutin]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Oritavancin]], [[Pantoprazole]], [[Piperacillin]], [[Streptomycin]], [[tedizolid]], [[Tigecycline]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
 
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
* [[Amoxicillin]]
* [[Cefprozil]]
* [[Cefotetan disodium]]
* [[Doripenem]]
* [[Oritavancin]]
* [[Tigecycline]]
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
{{col-end}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs causes]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]

Revision as of 17:41, 21 April 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Common Risk Factors

Risk Factors by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin, Aztreonam, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefprozil, Cefotetan disodium, Cefuroxime, Doripenem, Lincomycin Hydrochloride, Meropenem, Mupirocin, Quinupristin dalfopristin, Rifabutin, Nitrofurantoin, Oritavancin, Pantoprazole, Piperacillin, Streptomycin, tedizolid, Tigecycline
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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