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| <h2>Cardiovascular</h2>
| | {{Organ-Based Infections03}} |
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| <h4>Aortitis, infectious {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| | ---- |
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| <h4>Cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| | ==Infections by Organ System== |
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| <h3>Endocarditis</h3>
| | {{ID-infections-by-organ-system}} |
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| <h4>Endocarditis, prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| | ==Infections in Alphabetical Order== |
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| <h4>Endocarditis, treatment {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| | {{ID-infections-in-alphabetical-order}} |
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|
| * Infective endocarditis<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564| issn = 1524-4539| volume = 111| issue = 23| pages = –394-434| last1 = Baddour| first1 = Larry M.| last2 = Wilson| first2 = Walter R.| last3 = Bayer| first3 = Arnold S.| last4 = Fowler| first4 = Vance G.| last5 = Bolger| first5 = Ann F.| last6 = Levison| first6 = Matthew E.| last7 = Ferrieri| first7 = Patricia| last8 = Gerber| first8 = Michael A.| last9 = Tani| first9 = Lloyd Y.| last10 = Gewitz| first10 = Michael H.| last11 = Tong| first11 = David C.| last12 = Steckelberg| first12 = James M.| last13 = Baltimore| first13 = Robert S.| last14 = Shulman| first14 = Stanford T.| last15 = Burns| first15 = Jane C.| last16 = Falace| first16 = Donald A.| last17 = Newburger| first17 = Jane W.| last18 = Pallasch| first18 = Thomas J.| last19 = Takahashi| first19 = Masato| last20 = Taubert| first20 = Kathryn A.| last21 = Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease| last22 = Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young| last23 = Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia| last24 = American Heart Association| last25 = Infectious Diseases Society of America| title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America| journal = Circulation| date = 2005-06-14| pmid = 15956145}}</ref>
| | ==References== |
| :* Culture-negative endocarditis
| |
| ::* '''Culture-negative, native valve endocarditis'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 12 g/24h IV q6h 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 4–6 weeks
| |
| :::* Alternative regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 1000 mg/24h PO or 800 mg/24h IV q12h for 4–6 weeks
| |
| :::* Pediatric dose: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h q8–12h; [[Ciprofloxacin]] 20–30 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q12h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Culture-negative, prosthetic valve endocarditis (early, ≤ 1 year)'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen : [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 2 weeks {{and}} [[Cefepime]] 6 g/24h IV q8h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 900 mg/24h PO/IV q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::* Pediatric dose: [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Cefepime]] 150 mg/kg/24h IV q8h; [[Rifampin]] 20 mg/kg/24h PO/IV q8h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Culture-negative, prosthetic valve endocarditis (late, > 1 year)'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 12 g/24h IV q6h 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::* Alternative regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 1000 mg/24h PO or 800 mg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::* Pediatric dose: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV q4h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h q8–12h; [[Ciprofloxacin]] 20–30 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q12h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Culture-negative, prosthetic valve endocarditis (early, ≤ 1 year)'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 12 g/24h IV q6h 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 900 mg/24h PO/IV q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::* Alternative regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 1000 mg/24h PO or 800 mg/24h IV q12h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 900 mg/24h PO/IV q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::* Pediatric dose: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h; [[Cefepime]] 150 mg/kg/24h IV q8h; [[Rifampin]] 20 mg/kg/24h PO/IV q8h
| |
| | |
| :* Pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy
| |
| ::* Bartonella
| |
| :::* '''Suspected Bartonella endocarditis'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen : [[Ceftriaxone sodium]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 2 weeks {{withorwithout}} [[Doxycycline]] 200 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q12h for 6 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM once daily; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Doxycycline]] 2–4 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q12h; [[Rifampin]] 20 mg/kg/24h PO/IV q12h
| |
| | |
| :::* '''Documented Bartonella endocarditis'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 200 mg/24h IV or PO q12h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 2 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM once daily; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Doxycycline]] 2–4 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q12h; [[Rifampin]] 20 mg/kg/24h PO/IV q12h
| |
| | |
| ::* Enterococcus
| |
| :::* '''Endocarditis caused by enterococcal strains susceptible to penicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen : [[Ampicillin]] 12 g/24h IV q4h for 4–6 weeks {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–30 million U/24h IV either continuously or q4h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 4–6weeks
| |
| ::::* Alternative regimen : [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h
| |
| | |
| :::* '''Endocarditis caused by enterococcal strains susceptible to penicillin, streptomycin, and vancomycin and resistant to gentamicin'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen : [[Ampicillin]] 12 g/24h IV q4h for 4–6 weeks {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 24 million U/24h IV continuously or q4h for 4–6 weeks {{and}} [[Streptomycin]] 15 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q12h for 4–6 weeks
| |
| ::::* Alternative regimen : [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Streptomycin]] 15 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q12h for 6 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Ampicillin]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Penicillin]] 300 000 U/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Streptomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q12h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h; [[Streptomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q12h
| |
| | |
| :::* '''Endocarditis caused by enterococcal strains resistant to penicillin and susceptible to aminoglycoside and vancomycin'''
| |
| ::::* β-Lactamase–producing strain
| |
| :::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 12 g/24h IV q6h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::::* Alternative regimen : [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::::* Pediatric dose: [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV q6h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h
| |
| ::::* Intrinsic penicillin resistance
| |
| :::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h for 6 weeks
| |
| :::::* Pediatric dose: [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h
| |
| | |
| :::* '''Endocarditis caused by enterococcal strains resistant to penicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin'''
| |
| ::::* Enterococcus faecium
| |
| :::::* Preferred regimen : [[Linezolid]] 1200 mg/24h IV/PO q12h for ≥ 8 weeks {{or}} [[Quinupristin-Dalfopristin]] 22.5 mg/kg/24h IV q8h for 8 weeks
| |
| ::::* Enterococcus faecalis
| |
| :::::* Preferred regimen : [[Imipenem/cilastatin]] 2 g/24h IV q6h for ≥ 8 weeks {{and}} [[Ampicillin]] 12 g/24h IV q4h for ≥ 8 weeks {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone sodium]] 4 g/24h IV/IM q12h for ≥ 8 weeks {{and}} [[Ampicillin]] 12 g/24h IV q4h for ≥ 8 weeks
| |
| :::::* Pediatric dose: [[Linezolid]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q8h; [[Quinupristin-Dalfopristin]] 22.5 mg/kg/24h IV q8h; [[Imipenem/cilastatin]] 60–100 mg/kg/24h IV q6h; [[Ampicillin]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q12h
| |
| | |
| ::* HACEK organisms
| |
| :::* '''Endocarditis caused by Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus), Cardiobacterium, Eikenella corrodens, or Kingella'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen : [[Ceftriaxone sodium]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 4 weeks {{or}} [[Ampicillin]] 12 g/24h IV q6h for 4 weeks {{or}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 1000 mg/24h PO or 800 mg/24h IV q12h for 4 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM once daily; [[Ampicillin-sulbactam]] 300 mg/kg/24h IV divided into 4 or 6 equally divided doses; [[Ciprofloxacin]] 20–30 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q12h
| |
| | |
| ::* Staphylococcus
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| :::* '''Native valve endocarditis caused by oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Nafcillin]] or [[Oxacillin]] 12 g/24h IV q4–6h for 6 weeks {{withorwithout}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8–12h for 3–5 days
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Cefazolin]] 6 g/24h IV q8h for 6 weeks {{withorwithout}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8–12h for 3–5 days
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Nafcillin]] or [[Oxacillin]] 200 mg/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h; [[Cefazolin]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV q8h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h
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| | |
| :::* '''Native valve endocarditis caused by oxacillin-resistant staphylococci'''
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| ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h for 6 weeks
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| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h
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| | |
| :::* '''Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci'''
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| ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]] or [[Oxacillin]] 12 g/24h IV q4h for ≥ 6 weeks {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 900 mg/24h IV/PO q8h for ≥ 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8–12h for 2 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Nafcillin]] or [[Oxacillin]] 200 mg/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Rifampin]] 20 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q8h; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8h
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| | |
| :::* '''Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by oxacillin-resistant staphylococci'''
| |
| ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg 24 h q12h for ≥ 6 weeks {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 900 mg/24h IV/PO q8h for ≥ 6 weeks {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM q8–12h for 2 weeks
| |
| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h; [[Rifampin]] 20 mg/kg/24h IV/PO q8h (up to adult dose); [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV or IM q8h
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| | |
| ::* Viridans group streptococci and Streptococcus bovis
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| :::* '''Native valve endocarditis caused by highly penicillin-susceptible viridans group streptococci and Streptococcus bovis (MIC ≤ 0.12 μg/mL)'''
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| ::::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 12–18 million U/24h IV either continuously or q4–6h for 4 weeks {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 4 weeks
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| ::::* Alternative regimen (1): ([[Penicillin G]] 12–18 million U/24h IV either continuously or q4h for 2 weeks {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 2 weeks) {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 2 weeks
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| ::::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h not to exceed 2 g/24h for 4 weeks
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| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Penicillin G]] 200,000 U/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose or q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h
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| | |
| :::* '''Native valve endocarditis caused by relatively penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococci and Streptococcus bovis (MIC > 0.12 to ≤ 0.5 μg/mL)'''
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| ::::* Preferred regimen (1): ([[Penicillin G]] 24 million U/24h IV either continuously or q4–6h for 4 weeks {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 4 weeks) {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 2 weeks
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| ::::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h not to exceed 2 g/24h for 4 weeks
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| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Penicillin G]] 200,000 U/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose or q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h
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| | |
| :::* '''Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by highly penicillin-susceptible viridans group streptococci and Streptococcus bovis (MIC ≤ 0.12 μg/mL)'''
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| ::::* Preferred regimen (1): ([[Penicillin G]] 24 million U/24h IV either continuously or q4–6h for 6 weeks {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 6 weeks) {{withorwithout}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 2 weeks
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| ::::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h not to exceed 2 g/24h for 6 weeks
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| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Penicillin G]] 200,000 U/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose or q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h
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| | |
| :::* '''Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by relatively penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococci and Streptococcus bovis (MIC > 0.12 μg/mL)'''
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| ::::* Preferred regimen (1): ([[Penicillin G]] 24 million U/24h IV either continuously or q4–6h for 6 weeks {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 6 weeks) {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose for 2 weeks
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| ::::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Vancomycin]] 30 mg/kg/24h IV q12h not to exceed 2 g/24h for 6 weeks
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| ::::* Pediatric dose: [[Penicillin G]] 200,000 U/kg/24h IV q4–6h; [[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose; [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/24h IV/IM in 1 dose or q8h; [[Vancomycin]] 40 mg/kg/24h IV q8–12h
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| <h4>Intravascular catheter-related infections {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
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| <h4>Mediastinitis, acute {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
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| <h3>Mycotic aneurysm {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h3>
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| * '''Empiric antimicrobial therapy'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2014 | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1930808782 }}</ref>
| |
| :* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 2 g/day IV divided q6-12h targeting trough concentration of 15-20 μg/mL for 6 weeks (for critically ill patient, start with a loading dose of 25 mg/kg followed by 15 mg/kg q12h) {{and}} ([[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 6 weeks {{or}} [[Piperacillin-Tazobactam]] 3.375 g IV q6h for 6 weeks {{or}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 6 weeks)
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| :* Alternative regimen: Consider substituting [[Daptomycin]] for Vancomycin. Consider [[Cefepime]], [[Imipenem-Cilastatin]], [[Meropenem]], or [[Ertapenem]] for Gram-negative bacteria.
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| <h3>Myocarditis</h3>
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| <h4>Lyme carditis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
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| * '''Lyme carditis, adult'''<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1086/508667| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 43| issue = 9| pages = 1089–1134| last1 = Wormser| first1 = Gary P.| last2 = Dattwyler| first2 = Raymond J.| last3 = Shapiro| first3 = Eugene D.| last4 = Halperin| first4 = John J.| last5 = Steere| first5 = Allen C.| last6 = Klempner| first6 = Mark S.| last7 = Krause| first7 = Peter J.| last8 = Bakken| first8 = Johan S.| last9 = Strle| first9 = Franc| last10 = Stanek| first10 = Gerold| last11 = Bockenstedt| first11 = Linda| last12 = Fish| first12 = Durland| last13 = Dumler| first13 = J. Stephen| last14 = Nadelman| first14 = Robert B.| title = The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2006-11-01| pmid = 17029130}}</ref>
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| :* Parenteral regimen
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| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 (14–21) days
| |
| ::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 million U/day IV q4h for 14 (14–21) days
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| :* Oral regimen
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| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Amoxicillin]] 500 mg tid for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg bid for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Cefuroxime]] 500 mg bid for 14 (14–21) days
| |
| ::* Alternative regimen: [[Azithromycin]] 500 mg PO qd for 7–10 days {{or}} [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO bid for 14–21 days (if the patient is not pregnant) {{or}} [[Erythromycin]] 500 mg PO qid for 14–21 days
| |
| ::: Note (1): Parenteral regimen is recommended at the start of therapy for patients who have been hospitalized for cardiac monitoring; oral regimen may be substituted to complete a course of therapy or to treat ambulatory patients.
| |
| ::: Note (2): A temporary pacemaker may be required for patients with advanced heart block.
| |
| ::: Note (3): Patients treated with macrolides should be closely observed to ensure resolution of the clinical manifestations.
| |
| | |
| * '''Lyme carditis, pediatric'''<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1086/508667| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 43| issue = 9| pages = 1089–1134| last1 = Wormser| first1 = Gary P.| last2 = Dattwyler| first2 = Raymond J.| last3 = Shapiro| first3 = Eugene D.| last4 = Halperin| first4 = John J.| last5 = Steere| first5 = Allen C.| last6 = Klempner| first6 = Mark S.| last7 = Krause| first7 = Peter J.| last8 = Bakken| first8 = Johan S.| last9 = Strle| first9 = Franc| last10 = Stanek| first10 = Gerold| last11 = Bockenstedt| first11 = Linda| last12 = Fish| first12 = Durland| last13 = Dumler| first13 = J. Stephen| last14 = Nadelman| first14 = Robert B.| title = The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2006-11-01| pmid = 17029130}}</ref>
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| :* Parenteral regimen
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| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg IV q24h (maximum, 2 g) for 14 (14–21) days
| |
| ::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h (maximum, 6 g per day) for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h (not to exceed 18–24 million U per day) for 14 (14–21) days
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| :* Oral regimen
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| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Amoxicillin]] 50 mg/kg/day PO tid (maximum, 500 mg per dose) for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] (for children aged ≥ 8 years) 4 mg/kg/day PO bid (maximum, 100 mg per dose) for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Cefuroxime]] 30 mg/kg/day PO bid (maximum, 500 mg per dose) for 14 (14–21) days
| |
| ::* Alternative regimen: [[Azithromycin]] 10 mg/kg/day (maximum of 500 mg per day) for 7–10 days {{or}} [[Clarithromycin]] 7.5 mg/kg PO bid (maximum of 500 mg per dose) for 14–21 days {{or}} [[Erythromycin]] 12.5 mg/kg PO qid (maximum of 500 mg per dose) for 14–21 days
| |
| ::: Note (1): Parenteral regimen is recommended at the start of therapy for patients who have been hospitalized for cardiac monitoring; oral regimen may be substituted to complete a course of therapy or to treat ambulatory patients.
| |
| ::: Note (2): A temporary pacemaker may be required for patients with advanced heart block.
| |
| ::: Note (3): Patients treated with macrolides should be closely observed to ensure resolution of the clinical manifestations.
| |
| | |
| <h4>Myocarditis, viral {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
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| | |
| <h3>Pericarditis</h3>
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| | |
| <h4>Pericarditis, bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
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| | |
| * Bacterial pericarditis
| |
| :* '''Empiric antimicrobial therapy'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL for 28 days {{and}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 28 days
| |
| :::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL for 28 days {{and}} [[Cefepime]] 2 g IV q12h for 28 days
| |
| :::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL for 14–42 days {{and}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14–42 days
| |
| :::: Note: [[Pericardiocentesis]] must be promptly performed. Pericardial drainage combined with effective systemic antibiotic therapy is mandatory (antistaphylococcal agent plus aminoglycoside, followed by tailored antibiotic therapy according to cultures). Frequent irrigation of the pericardial cavity with [[urokinase]] or [[streptokinase]] may be considered. Open surgical drainage through subxiphoid pericardiotomy is preferable. [[Pericardiectomy]] may be required in patients with dense adhesions, loculated and thick purulent effusion, recurrence of tamponade, persistent infection, and progression to constriction.
| |
| | |
| :* Specific considerations<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.02.002| issn = 0195-668X| volume = 25| issue = 7| pages = 587–610| last1 = Maisch| first1 = Bernhard| last2 = Seferović| first2 = Petar M.| last3 = Ristić| first3 = Arsen D.| last4 = Erbel| first4 = Raimund| last5 = Rienmüller| first5 = Reiner| last6 = Adler| first6 = Yehuda| last7 = Tomkowski| first7 = Witold Z.| last8 = Thiene| first8 = Gaetano| last9 = Yacoub| first9 = Magdi H.| last10 = Task Force on the Diagnosis and Management of Pricardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology| title = Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases executive summary; The Task force on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European society of cardiology| journal = European Heart Journal| date = 2004-04| pmid = 15120056}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 1175-3277| volume = 5| issue = 2| pages = 103–112| last1 = Pankuweit| first1 = Sabine| last2 = Ristić| first2 = Arsen D.| last3 = Seferović| first3 = Petar M.| last4 = Maisch| first4 = Bernhard| title = Bacterial pericarditis: diagnosis and management| journal = American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs: Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions| date = 2005| pmid = 15725041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 1092-8464| volume = 2| issue = 4| pages = 343–350| last = Goodman| first = null| title = Purulent Pericarditis| journal = Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine| date = 2000-08| pmid = 11096539}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Cherry | first = James | title = Feigin and Cherry's textbook of pediatric infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1455711772 }}</ref>
| |
| ::* '''Purulent pericarditis with contiguous pneumonia'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL {{and}} ([[Ceftriaxone]] 1–2 g IV q12h {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q6–8h) {{and}} ([[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h {{or}} [[Levofloxacin]] 500–750 mg IV q24h)
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Purulent pericarditis with contiguous head and neck infection'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Imipenem]] 500 mg IV q6–8h {{or}} [[Ampicillin-Sulbactam]] 3 g IV q6h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Purulent pericarditis secondary to infective endocarditis'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15–20 mg/kg IV q8–12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/day IV q8–12h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Purulent pericarditis after cardiac surgery, pediatric'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15 mg/kg IV q6h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL {{and}} ([[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/day IV q12–24h {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 200–300 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h) {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 6–7.5 mg/kg/day IV q8h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Purulent pericarditis with genitourinary infection, pediatric'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15 mg/kg IV q6h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL {{and}} ([[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/day IV q12–24h {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 200–300 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h) {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 6–7.5 mg/kg/day IV q8h
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Purulent pericarditis in immunocompromised host, pediatric'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 15 mg/kg IV q6h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL {{and}} ([[Ceftriaxone]] 100 mg/kg/day IV q12–24h {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 200–300 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h) {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 6–7.5 mg/kg/day IV q8h
| |
| | |
| :* Pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy<ref>{{cite book | last = Bartlett | first = John | title = Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Burlington, MA | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1449625580 }}</ref>
| |
| ::* '''Anaerobes'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Clindamycin]] 600–900 mg IV q8h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Metronidazole]] 7.5 mg/kg IV q6h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Ampicillin-Sulbactam]] 3 g IV q6h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Gram-negative bacilli'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Levofloxacin]] 500–750 mg IV q24h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Cefepime]] 2 g IV q12h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Legionella pneumophila'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Levofloxacin]] 500–750 mg IV q24h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Azithromycin]] 500 mg IV q24h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg IV q12h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Azithromycin]] 500 mg IV q24h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Neisseria meningitidis'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 5–24 MU/day IM/IV q4–6h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q6–8h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]] 1–2 g IV q4h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 1–2 g IV q4h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Cefazolin]] 1–2 g IV q48h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Clindamycin]] 600–900 mg IV q8h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Linezolid]] 600 mg IV q12h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-susceptible'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 5–24 MU/day IM/IV q4–6h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q6–8h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Levofloxacin]] 500–750 mg IV q24h for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| ::* '''Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-resistant'''
| |
| :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400 mg IV q12h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Levofloxacin]] 500–750 mg IV q24h for 14–42 days {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h targeting trough levels of 15–20 μg/mL for 14–42 days
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pericarditis, fungal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pericarditis, tuberculous {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pericarditis, viral {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h3>Rheumatic fever</h3>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Rheumatic fever, primary prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Rheumatic fever, secondary prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic pelvic vein thrombophlebitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Central Nervous System</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Brain abscess {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Encephalitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Epidural abscess {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Lyme neuroborreliosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Meningitis, bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Meningitis, MRSA {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Meningitis, tuberculous {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus, MRSA {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Subdural empyema {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Head and Neck</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Anthrax, oropharyngeal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Buccal cellulitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cervico-facial actinomycosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Deep neck infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Facial cellulitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Mastoiditis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Mastoiditis, Acute {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Mastoiditis, Chronic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Odontogenic infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Orbital cellulitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Oropharyngeal candidiasis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis externa {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis externa, Chronic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis externa, Fungal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis externa, Malignant {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis externa, Swimmer's ear {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis media {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis media, Acute {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis media, Post-intubation {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis media, Prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Otitis media, Treatment failure {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Parotitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Eye</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Conjunctivitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Blepharitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, bleb-related {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, candidal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, chronic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, mold {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, post-cataract surgery, acute {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, post-cataract surgery, chronic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Endophthalmitis, post-tramatic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Keratitis, bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Keratitis, fungal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Keratitis, protozoal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Keratitis, viral {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ocular syphilis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ocular toxocariasis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ocular toxoplasmosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ocular tuberculosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Orbital cellulitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Periocular Infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Retinal necrosis, acute, CMV {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Retinal necrosis, acute, HSV or VZV {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Retinal necrosis, progressive outer, VZV {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Retinitis, CMV {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Stye {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Uveitis, acute anterior {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Uveitis, Lyme disease {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Upper Respiratory Tract</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Epiglottitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Jugular vein phlebitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Laryngitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Lemierre's syndrome {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ludwig's angina {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Parapharyngeal space infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pharyngitis, diphtheria {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pharyngitis, streptococcal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Sinusitis, Acute {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Sinusitis, Chronic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Sinusitis, Post-intubation {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Sinusitis, Treatment failure {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Stomatitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Stomatitis, aphthous {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Stomatitis, herpetic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Submandibular space infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Tonsillitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ulcerative gingivitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Vincent's angina {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Lower Respiratory Tract</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bronchiectasis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bronchiolitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bronchitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cystic fibrosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Empyema {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Influenza {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Inhalational anthrax, Prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Inhalational anthrax, Treatment {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pertussis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Acinetobacter {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Actinomycosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Anaerobes {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Aspiration pneumonia {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Chlamydophila {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, community-acquired {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, concomitant influenza {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Haemophilus Influenza {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, health care-associated {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, hospital-acquired {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Klebsiella {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Legionella {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Lung abscess {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Meliodosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Mycoplasma {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, neutropenic patient {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Nocardia {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, post-influenza {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Pseuodomonas {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Stenotrophomonas {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Tularemia {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pneumonia, Yersinia pestis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Gastrointestinal and Intraabdominal</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Anthrax, gastrointestinal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Appendicitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Biliary sepsis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cholangitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cholecystitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Diverticulitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Esophagitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Hepatic abscess {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Hepatitis A {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Hepatitis B {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Hepatitis C {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Hepatitis D {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Hepatitis E {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Infectious diarrhea {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Leptospirosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pancreatitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peliosis hepatitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peptic ulcer disease {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peritonitis, secondary to bowel perforation {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peritonitis, secondary to dialysis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peritonitis, secondary to ruptured appendix {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peritonitis, secondary to ruptured diverticula {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Peritonitis, spontaneous bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Post-transplant infected biloma {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Splenic abscess {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Tropical sprue {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Typhlitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Variceal bleeding, prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Whipple's disease {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Genitourinary</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Asymptomatic bacteriuria {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bacterial vaginosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cervicitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Chancroid {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Chlamydial infections {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Chorioamnionitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cystitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ectoparasitic infections {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Epididymitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Genital herpes {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Gonococcal infections {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Granuloma Inguinale {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Human papillomavirus infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Lymphogranuloma venereum {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pelvic inflammatory disease {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Proctocolitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Prostatitis, acute bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Prostatitis, chronic bacterial {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pyelonephritis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Syphilis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Urethritis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Vulvovaginal candidiasis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Musculoskeletal</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bursitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, candidal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, chronic {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, contiguous with vascular insufficiency {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, contiguous without vascular insufficiency {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, diabetic foot {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, foot bone {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, foot puncture wound {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, hematogenous {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, hemoglobinopathy {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, spinal implant {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Osteomyelitis, sternal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Reactive arthritis, post-streptococcal arthritis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, brucellosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, candidal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, gonococcal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, Gram-negative bacilli {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, Histoplasmosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, Lyme disease {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, pneumococcal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, post-intraarticular injection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, staphylococcal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Septic arthritis, streptococcal {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Skin and Soft Tissues</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Acne vulgaris {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Acne rosacea {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Anthrax, cutaneous {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bacillary angiomatosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bite wounds {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bubonic plague {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Carbuncle {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cat scratch disease {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Cellulitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ecthyma {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Erysipelas {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Erysipeloid {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Erythrasma {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Fournier gangrene {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Furuncle {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Gas gangrene {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Glanders {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Impetigo {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Lyme disease, cutaneous {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Mastitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Necrotizing fasciitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pilonidal cyst {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Pyomyositis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Seborrheic dermatitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Skin and soft tissue infection in neutropenic fever {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Skin and soft tissue infection in cellular immunodeficiency {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Surgical site infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Tularemia {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Vascular insufficieny ulcer {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Vibrio infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Wound infection {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Yaws {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>Systemic</h2>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Anaplasmosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Babesiosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Bartonella {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Botulism {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Boutonneuese fever {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Brucellosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Diptheria {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Ehrlichiolsis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Febrile neutropenia, prophylaxis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Febrile neutropenia, treatment {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Kawasaki syndrome {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Leptospirosis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Lymphadenitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Lymphangitis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Relapsing fever {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Rocky Mountain spotted fever {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Salmonella bacteremia {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Sepsis {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Tetanus {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Tularemia {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Typhoid fever {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Typhus, louse-borne {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Typhus, murine {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| <h4>Typhus, scrub {{ID-returntotop-organ}}</h4>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <h2>References</h2>
| |
| {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
|
| |
|
| </div> | | </div> |