Sleep apnea historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Sleep apnea was first described in literature in the 19th century. It was often misdiagnosed as either narcolepsy or skepticism. In 1981, Collin Sullivan invented the [[continuous positive airway pressure]] ([[CPAP]]) for the treatment of sleep apnea. Prior to sleep apnea recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as either a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon. | |||
==Discovery== | ==Discovery== | ||
*In 1890, Silas Weir Mitchell, a neurologist and American toxicologist, described sleep apnea as respiratory failure in sleep because of the "failure of the chest and diaphragmatic movements" <ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref> | *In 1890, Silas Weir Mitchell, a neurologist and American toxicologist, described sleep apnea as [[respiratory failure]] in sleep because of the "failure of the chest and diaphragmatic movements" <ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref> | ||
*The second half of the 19th century described sleep apnea very vividly with<ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref> | *The second half of the 19th century described sleep apnea very vividly with the following symptoms:<ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref> | ||
:*Airway obstructions | :*Airway obstructions | ||
:*Noisy snoring | :*Noisy snoring | ||
:*Nocturnal insomnia | :*[[Nocturnal]] [[insomnia]] | ||
:*Excessive somnolence | :*Excessive [[somnolence]] | ||
*Medical literature describes early reports of those severely affected | *Medical literature describes early reports of those severely affected with sleep apnea with [[hypoxemia]], [[hypercapnia]], and [[congestive heart failure]] (CHF) | ||
*Sleep apnea has been misdiagnosed as narcolepsy | *Sleep apnea has been misdiagnosed as either [[narcolepsy]] or [[skepticism]] due to [[somnolence]] as a clinical sign<ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref> | ||
==Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*In 1981, Colin Sullivan and associates in Sydney | *In 1981, Colin Sullivan and associates in Sydney improved the management of obstructive sleep apnea with [[continuous positive airway pressure]] ([[CPAP]]) <ref name="SullivanBerthon-Jones1981">{{cite journal|last1=Sullivan|first1=ColinE.|last2=Berthon-Jones|first2=Michael|last3=Issa|first3=FaiqG.|last4=Eves|first4=Lorraine|title=REVERSAL OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA BY CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE APPLIED THROUGH THE NARES|journal=The Lancet|volume=317|issue=8225|year=1981|pages=862–865|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92140-1}}</ref> | ||
*By the late 1980s, CPAP was transformed from the bulky and noisy first models and became widely used | *By the late 1980s, [[CPAP]] was transformed from the bulky and noisy first models and became widely used, which lead to specialized clinics for diagnosis and treatment | ||
==Impact on Cultural History== | ==Impact on Cultural History== | ||
*April 18th is Sleep Apnea Awareness Day in recognition of Colin Sullivan (Australian physician, professor, and inventor) | *April 18th is Sleep Apnea Awareness Day in recognition of Colin Sullivan (Australian physician, professor, and inventor) | ||
*Before sleep apnea was recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon<ref name="pmid23560353">{{cite journal| author=Shaw R, McKenzie S, Taylor T, Olafiranye O, Boutin-Foster C, Ogedegbe G et al.| title=Beliefs and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea evaluation and treatment among blacks. | journal=J Natl Med Assoc | year= 2012 | volume= 104 | issue= 11-12 | pages= 510-9 | pmid=23560353 | doi= | pmc=PMC3740354 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23560353 }} </ref> | *Before sleep apnea was recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as either a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon<ref name="pmid23560353">{{cite journal| author=Shaw R, McKenzie S, Taylor T, Olafiranye O, Boutin-Foster C, Ogedegbe G et al.| title=Beliefs and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea evaluation and treatment among blacks. | journal=J Natl Med Assoc | year= 2012 | volume= 104 | issue= 11-12 | pages= 510-9 | pmid=23560353 | doi= | pmc=PMC3740354 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23560353 }} </ref> | ||
==Famous Cases== | ==Famous Cases== | ||
*In early 20th century, William Osler, a physician and one of the four founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital, coined the term “Pickwickian syndrome”<ref name="pmid3910333">{{cite journal| author=Kryger MH| title=Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 1985 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 555-62 | pmid=3910333 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3910333 }} </ref> | *In early 20th century, William Osler, a physician and one of the four founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital, coined the term “Pickwickian syndrome”<ref name="pmid3910333">{{cite journal| author=Kryger MH| title=Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 1985 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 555-62 | pmid=3910333 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3910333 }} </ref> | ||
*Osler | *Osler described “the fat boy” Joe in Charles Dickens novel, ''The Pickwick Paper''<ref name="pmid3910333">{{cite journal| author=Kryger MH| title=Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 1985 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 555-62 | pmid=3910333 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3910333 }} </ref> | ||
*The novel gives a clinical picture of a patient | *The novel gives a clinical picture of a patient with sleep apnea | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:21, 8 July 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Sleep apnea was first described in literature in the 19th century. It was often misdiagnosed as either narcolepsy or skepticism. In 1981, Collin Sullivan invented the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of sleep apnea. Prior to sleep apnea recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as either a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon.
Discovery
- In 1890, Silas Weir Mitchell, a neurologist and American toxicologist, described sleep apnea as respiratory failure in sleep because of the "failure of the chest and diaphragmatic movements" [1]
- The second half of the 19th century described sleep apnea very vividly with the following symptoms:[1]
- Airway obstructions
- Noisy snoring
- Nocturnal insomnia
- Excessive somnolence
- Medical literature describes early reports of those severely affected with sleep apnea with hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Sleep apnea has been misdiagnosed as either narcolepsy or skepticism due to somnolence as a clinical sign[1]
Development of Treatment Strategies
- In 1981, Colin Sullivan and associates in Sydney improved the management of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) [2]
- By the late 1980s, CPAP was transformed from the bulky and noisy first models and became widely used, which lead to specialized clinics for diagnosis and treatment
Impact on Cultural History
- April 18th is Sleep Apnea Awareness Day in recognition of Colin Sullivan (Australian physician, professor, and inventor)
- Before sleep apnea was recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as either a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon[3]
Famous Cases
- In early 20th century, William Osler, a physician and one of the four founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital, coined the term “Pickwickian syndrome”[4]
- Osler described “the fat boy” Joe in Charles Dickens novel, The Pickwick Paper[4]
- The novel gives a clinical picture of a patient with sleep apnea
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lavie, [ill]etz (1984). "[ill]othing New Under the Moon". Archives of Internal Medicine. 144 (10): 2025. doi:10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023. ISSN 0003-9926.
- ↑ Sullivan, ColinE.; Berthon-Jones, Michael; Issa, FaiqG.; Eves, Lorraine (1981). "REVERSAL OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA BY CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE APPLIED THROUGH THE NARES". The Lancet. 317 (8225): 862–865. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92140-1. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Shaw R, McKenzie S, Taylor T, Olafiranye O, Boutin-Foster C, Ogedegbe G; et al. (2012). "Beliefs and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea evaluation and treatment among blacks". J Natl Med Assoc. 104 (11–12): 510–9. PMC 3740354. PMID 23560353.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kryger MH (1985). "Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea". Clin Chest Med. 6 (4): 555–62. PMID 3910333.