Lung cancer classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Primary lung | Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories: [[small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) and [[non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2004 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | }} | {{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | }} | ||
{{familytree | B01 | | B02 | B01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) '''</div>| B02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%)'''<br> | {{familytree | B01 | | B02 | B01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) '''</div>| B02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%)'''<br> | ||
[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]] (25% of lung cancers) <br> | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]] (25% of lung cancers) <br> | ||
[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] (40% of lung cancers) <br> | *[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] (40% of lung cancers). [[Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]] is a subtype of adenocarcinoma, is more common among female never-smokers, and may have different responses to treatment.<br><ref name="Raz">{{cite journal | last =Raz | first =DJ | coauthors =He B, Rosell R, Jablons DM | title =Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: a review | journal =Clinical Lung Cancer | volume =7 | issue =5 | pages =313–322 | publisher =Cancer Information Group | date =Mar 2006 | pmid =16640802 }}</ref> | ||
[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]] (10% of lung cancers) | *[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]] (10% of lung cancers) | ||
[[Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung|Adenosquamous carcinoma]] <br> | *Other non-small cell lung carcinomas: | ||
[[Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements]] <br> | :*[[Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung|Adenosquamous carcinoma]] <br> | ||
[[Carcinoid tumor of the lung|Carcinoid tumor]] <br> | :*[[Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements]] <br> | ||
[[Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type|Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type]]<br> | :*[[Carcinoid tumor of the lung|Carcinoid tumor]] <br> | ||
[[Unclassified carcinoma of the lung|Unclassified carcinoma]] </div>}} | :*[[Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type|Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type]]<br> | ||
:*[[Unclassified carcinoma of the lung|Unclassified carcinoma]] </div>}} | |||
{{Family tree/end}} | {{Family tree/end}} | ||
==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung == | |||
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies primary tumors of the lungs as follows:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref> | |||
===Malignant Epithelial Tumors=== | ===Malignant Epithelial Tumors=== | ||
====Squamous cell carcinoma==== | |||
* Papillary | |||
* Clear cell | |||
* Small cell | |||
* Basaloid | |||
====Small cell carcinoma==== | |||
* Combined small cell carcinoma | |||
* | ====Adenocarcinoma==== | ||
:* | * Adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype | ||
::* | * Acinar adenocarcinoma | ||
:* | * Papillary adenocarcinoma | ||
:* | * Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma | ||
:* | :* Nonmucinous | ||
:* | :* Mucinous | ||
:* Mixed nonmucinous and mucinous or indeterminate | |||
* Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production | |||
:* Fetal adenocarcinoma | |||
:* Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma | |||
:* Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma | |||
:* Signet ring adenocarcinoma | |||
:* Clear cell adenocarcinoma | |||
* | ====Large cell carcinoma==== | ||
* Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | |||
:* Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma | |||
* Basaloid carcinoma | |||
* Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma | |||
* Clear cell carcinoma | |||
* Large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype | |||
====Adenosquamous carcinoma==== | |||
* | ====Sarcomatoid carcinoma==== | ||
* Pleomorphic carcinoma | |||
* Spindle cell carcinoma | |||
* Giant cell carcinoma | |||
* Carcinosarcoma | |||
* Pulmonary blastoma | |||
====Carcinoid tumor==== | |||
* Typical carcinoid | |||
* Atypical carcinoid | |||
====Other tumors that may affect the lungs==== | |||
=====Salivary gland tumors===== | |||
* Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | |||
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma | |||
* Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma | |||
* Preinvasive lesions | * Preinvasive lesions | ||
:* Squamous carcinoma in situ | :* Squamous carcinoma in situ | ||
| Line 88: | Line 81: | ||
:* Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia | :* Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia | ||
=====Mesenchymal tumors===== | |||
* Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma | |||
* Angiosarcoma | |||
* Pleuropulmonary blastoma | |||
* Chondroma | |||
* Congenial peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor | |||
* Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis | |||
* Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | |||
* Lymphangioleiomyomatosis | |||
* Synovial sarcoma | |||
* Pulmonary artery sarcoma | |||
* Pulmonary vein sarcoma | |||
=====Benign Epithelial Tumors===== | |||
* Papillomas | * Papillomas | ||
:* Squamous cell papilloma | :* Squamous cell papilloma (either exophytic or inverted) | ||
:* Glandular papilloma | :* Glandular papilloma | ||
:* Mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma | :* Mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma | ||
* Adenomas | * Adenomas | ||
:* Alveolar adenoma | :* Alveolar adenoma | ||
| Line 121: | Line 108: | ||
:* Mucinous cystadenoma | :* Mucinous cystadenoma | ||
===Lymphoproliferative Tumors=== | =====Lymphoproliferative Tumors===== | ||
* Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type | * Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type | ||
* Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | * Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | ||
| Line 128: | Line 114: | ||
* Langerhans cell histiocytosis | * Langerhans cell histiocytosis | ||
===Miscellaneous Tumors=== | =====Miscellaneous Tumors===== | ||
* Hamartoma | * Hamartoma | ||
* Sclerosing hemangioma | * Sclerosing hemangioma | ||
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:* Immature | :* Immature | ||
:* Other germ cell tumors | :* Other germ cell tumors | ||
* Intrapulmonary thymoma | * Intrapulmonary thymoma | ||
* Melanoma | * Melanoma | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:25, 3 August 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen, M.D., M.P.A., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]
Overview
Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories: small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2004 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.[1]
Classification
| Lung cancer | |||||||||||||||
Small cell lung cancer (~15%) | Non small cell lung cancer (~85%)
| ||||||||||||||
WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies primary tumors of the lungs as follows:[1]
Malignant Epithelial Tumors
Squamous cell carcinoma
- Papillary
- Clear cell
- Small cell
- Basaloid
Small cell carcinoma
- Combined small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype
- Acinar adenocarcinoma
- Papillary adenocarcinoma
- Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
- Nonmucinous
- Mucinous
- Mixed nonmucinous and mucinous or indeterminate
- Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production
- Fetal adenocarcinoma
- Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma
- Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
- Signet ring adenocarcinoma
- Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
- Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- Basaloid carcinoma
- Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
- Clear cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Sarcomatoid carcinoma
- Pleomorphic carcinoma
- Spindle cell carcinoma
- Giant cell carcinoma
- Carcinosarcoma
- Pulmonary blastoma
Carcinoid tumor
- Typical carcinoid
- Atypical carcinoid
Other tumors that may affect the lungs
Salivary gland tumors
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
- Preinvasive lesions
- Squamous carcinoma in situ
- Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
- Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Mesenchymal tumors
- Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
- Angiosarcoma
- Pleuropulmonary blastoma
- Chondroma
- Congenial peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
- Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
- Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
- Synovial sarcoma
- Pulmonary artery sarcoma
- Pulmonary vein sarcoma
Benign Epithelial Tumors
- Papillomas
- Squamous cell papilloma (either exophytic or inverted)
- Glandular papilloma
- Mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma
- Adenomas
- Alveolar adenoma
- Papillary adenoma
- Adenomas of the salivary gland type
- Mucous gland adenoma
- Pleomorphic adenoma
- Others
- Mucinous cystadenoma
Lymphoproliferative Tumors
- Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Miscellaneous Tumors
- Hamartoma
- Sclerosing hemangioma
- Clear cell tumor
- Germ cell tumors
- Teratoma, mature
- Immature
- Other germ cell tumors
- Intrapulmonary thymoma
- Melanoma
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
- ↑ Raz, DJ (Mar 2006). "Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: a review". Clinical Lung Cancer. Cancer Information Group. 7 (5): 313–322. PMID 16640802. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help)