Oral cancer physical examination: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Common physical examination findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly.
==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
An examination of the mouth by the health care provider or dentist shows a visible and/or palpable (can be felt) [[lesion]] of the lip, tongue, or other mouth area. As the [[tumor]] enlarges, it may become an [[ulcer]] and bleed. Speech/talking difficulties, chewing problems, or swallowing difficulties may develop, particularly if the cancer is on the tongue.


==Physical Examination==
Possible signs and symptoms of oral cancer that your patients may report include: a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness or a feeling that something is caught in the throat, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or other areas of the mouth, or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable.
===Appearance of the Patient===
*This section should give a general description of what a patient with the disease you are describing may look like. You may include a physical description such as obese, thin, cachectic, well appearing, ill appearing, diaphoretic etc.
* For an example of the appearance of a patient section in the physical examination page, click [[Encephalopathy physical examination#Appearance of the Patient|here]].
===Vitals===
====Temperature====
*A [[fever]] is often present
*[[Hypothermia]] may be present
====Pulse====
=====Rate=====
*[[Tachycardia]] may be present
*[[Bradycardia]] may be present
=====Rhythm=====
*The pulse is regular
*The pules is irregularly irregular
=====Strength=====
*The pulse may be weak
*The pulse may be bounding
*The pulse may be alternating in strength ([[pulsus alternans]])
*A [[paradoxical pulse]] may be present
=====Symmetry=====
*The pulses may be asymmetric
====Blood Pressure====
*[[Hypotension]] may be present
*[[Hypertension]] may be present
*A [[wide pulse pressure]] may be present
*A [[narrow pulse pressure]] may be present
====Respiratory Rate====
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present
*[[Bradypnea]] may be present
* [[Kussmaul respirations]] may be present
===Skin===
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Jaundice]] may be present
* A rash may be present
* [[Pallor]] may be present
* Lesions may be present
<gallery widths=150px>
UploadedImage-01.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
UploadedImage-02.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
</gallery>
===Head===
* Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
* There may be evidence of trauma
===Eyes===
*Icteric sclera may be present
* [[Nystagmus]] may be present.
* Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
*Pupils may not react to light
*Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
===Ears===
* Hearing acuity may be reduced
*[[Weber test]] may be positive
*[[Rinne test]] may be positive
* There may be [[exudate]] from the ear canal
* There may be [[tenderness]] on movement of the pinnae
===Nose===
* Nares may be inflamed
* There may be [[epistaxis]]
* There may be [[purulent]] exudate from the nares
* There may be [[tenderness]] to percussion of the sinuses
* The nares may be congested
===Throat===
* The throat may be erythematous
* There may be [[exudate]] in the throat
* There may be [[petechiae]] seen in the throat
* There may be tonsillar inflammation
===Neck===
*[[Jugular venous pressure]] may be elevated
*[[Carotid bruits]] may be present
*[[Lymph nodes]] may be present
*[[Thyromegaly]] may be present
*[[Hepatojugular reflux]] may be present
===Lungs===
*[[Pulmonary edema]] and [[rales]] may be present
*[[Wheezing]] may be present
*Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
*[[Rales]] may be present
*[[Egophony]] may be present
* Chest movement may be assymetric
===Heart===
*A [[heave]] may be present
*A [[thrill]] may be present
*A [[friction rub]] may be pressent
====Auscultation====
*[[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1, the "lub"(components M1 and T1)|S1]]
*[[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the "dub"(components A2 and P2)|S2]]
*[[Heart sounds#Third heart sound S3|S3]]
*[[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]]
*[[Heart sounds#Summation Gallop|Gallops]]
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the base may be present
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the apex may be present
*A [[diastolic murmur]] may be present
===Abdomen===
*[[Abdominal distention]] may be present
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] may be present
*[[Rebound tenderness]] may be present
*An [[acute abdomen]] may be present
*An abdominal mass may be present
*Guarding may be present
*[[Hepatomegaly]] may be present
*[[Splenomegaly]] may be present
*Genitourinary exam if relevant
===Extremities===
*[[Clubbing]] may be present
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Edema]] may be present
===Neurologic===
* Mental status may be altered
* Glasgow coma scale is ___
* Clonus may be present
* Hyperactive reflexes may be present
* There are deficits in cranial nerves __
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 18:33, 8 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly.

Physical Examination

Physical Examination

Possible signs and symptoms of oral cancer that your patients may report include: a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness or a feeling that something is caught in the throat, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or other areas of the mouth, or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable.



Appearance of the Patient

  • This section should give a general description of what a patient with the disease you are describing may look like. You may include a physical description such as obese, thin, cachectic, well appearing, ill appearing, diaphoretic etc.
  • For an example of the appearance of a patient section in the physical examination page, click here.

Vitals

Temperature

Pulse

Rate
Rhythm
  • The pulse is regular
  • The pules is irregularly irregular
Strength
Symmetry
  • The pulses may be asymmetric

Blood Pressure

Respiratory Rate

Skin

  • Cyanosis may be present
  • Jaundice may be present
  • A rash may be present
  • Pallor may be present
  • Lesions may be present

Head

  • Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
  • There may be evidence of trauma

Eyes

  • Icteric sclera may be present
  • Nystagmus may be present.
  • Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
  • Pupils may not react to light
  • Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___

Ears

Nose

  • Nares may be inflamed
  • There may be epistaxis
  • There may be purulent exudate from the nares
  • There may be tenderness to percussion of the sinuses
  • The nares may be congested

Throat

  • The throat may be erythematous
  • There may be exudate in the throat
  • There may be petechiae seen in the throat
  • There may be tonsillar inflammation

Neck

Lungs

  • Pulmonary edema and rales may be present
  • Wheezing may be present
  • Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
  • Rales may be present
  • Egophony may be present
  • Chest movement may be assymetric

Heart

Auscultation

Abdomen

Extremities

Neurologic

  • Mental status may be altered
  • Glasgow coma scale is ___
  • Clonus may be present
  • Hyperactive reflexes may be present
  • There are deficits in cranial nerves __

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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