Nasopharyngeal carcinoma natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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* [[Difficulty swallowing]] | * [[Difficulty swallowing]] | ||
* Disfigurement of the neck or face | * Disfigurement of the neck or face | ||
* Hardening of the skin of the neck | * Hardening of the [[skin]] of the neck | ||
* Loss of voice and speaking ability | * Loss of voice and speaking ability | ||
* Spread of the cancer to other body areas ([[metastasis]]) | * Spread of the cancer to other body areas ([[metastasis]]) | ||
A potential complication of [[radiotherapy]] is radiation necrosis of the temporal lobes, as well as [[cranial]] nerve dysfunction and [[atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]] and [[salivary glands]].<ref>3. Head and Neck Cancer Imaging. Robert Hermans (Editor), Albert L. Baert (Foreward) Springer; 2006 (find it at amazon.com)</ref> | A potential complication of [[radiotherapy]] is radiation necrosis of the [[temporal lobes]], as well as [[cranial]] nerve dysfunction and [[atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]] and [[salivary glands]].<ref>3. Head and Neck Cancer Imaging. Robert Hermans (Editor), Albert L. Baert (Foreward) Springer; 2006 (find it at amazon.com)</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:46, 15 September 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces few symptoms early in its course, with the result that most cases are quite advanced when detected. Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, it may obstruct the nasal passages and cause nasal discharge or nosebleed. The five-year survival rate of nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas, with appropriate treatment, is about 65% overall. The common complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include airway obstruction, dysphagia and disfigurement of the neck or face.
Natural history
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces few symptoms early in its course, with the result that most cases are quite advanced when detected. Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, it may obstruct the nasal passages and cause nasal discharge or nosebleed.
Prognosis
The five-year survival rate of nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas, with appropriate treatment, is about 65% overall. Cure is highly possible, even when disease has spread to the regional lymph nodes. The prognosis of keratinizing NPC is significantly worse, due to its greater resistance to radiation.[1]
Prognosis is influenced both by stage and tumour type.
- type I: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma - 42% 5-year survival
- type II: non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma - 65% 5-year survival
- type III: undifferentiated carcinoma - 14% 5-year survival[2]
Complications
The common complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include airway obstruction, dysphagia and disfigurement of the neck or face.
Complications
Complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:
- Airway obstruction
- Difficulty swallowing
- Disfigurement of the neck or face
- Hardening of the skin of the neck
- Loss of voice and speaking ability
- Spread of the cancer to other body areas (metastasis)
A potential complication of radiotherapy is radiation necrosis of the temporal lobes, as well as cranial nerve dysfunction and atrophy and fibrosis of the muscles of mastication and salivary glands.[3]
References
- ↑ Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor). Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set). London: W B Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-7253-1.
- ↑ http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma
- ↑ 3. Head and Neck Cancer Imaging. Robert Hermans (Editor), Albert L. Baert (Foreward) Springer; 2006 (find it at amazon.com)