Hypopharyngeal cancer overview: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
On gross pathology, flattened plaques, mucosal ulceration, and raised margins of the lesion are characteristic findings of hypopharyngeal cancer. On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[spindle cell]]s, basaloid cells, and nuclear atypia are characteristic findings of hypopharyngeal cancer. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypopharyngeal cancer include ''p16'', ''NOTCH1'', and ''cyclin D1''. Hypopharyngeal cancer is associated with sideropaenic dysphagia and Paterson Brown Kelly syndrome.<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal| author=Helliwell TR| title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2003 | volume= 56 | issue= 2 | pages= 81-5 | pmid=12560383 | doi= | pmc=PMC1769882 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12560383 }} </ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
==Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases== | ||
Revision as of 13:32, 9 October 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant cells proliferate in the hypopharynx.[1] Most hypopharyngeal cancers form in squamous cells, the thin, flat cells lining the inside of the hypopharynx. It first forms in the outer layer (epithelium) of the hypopharynx, which is split into three areas. Progression of the disease is defined by the spread of cancer into one or more areas and into deeper tissues.
Classification
Hypopharyngeal cancer may be classified according to location into 4 subtypes: pyriform sinus cancer, postcricoid area cancer, posterior wall of hypopharynx cancer, and hypopharynx cancer unspecified.[2]
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
On gross pathology, flattened plaques, mucosal ulceration, and raised margins of the lesion are characteristic findings of hypopharyngeal cancer. On microscopic histopathological analysis, spindle cells, basaloid cells, and nuclear atypia are characteristic findings of hypopharyngeal cancer. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypopharyngeal cancer include p16, NOTCH1, and cyclin D1. Hypopharyngeal cancer is associated with sideropaenic dysphagia and Paterson Brown Kelly syndrome.[3]
Causes
Differentiating Hypopharyngeal Cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
- ↑ National Cancer Institute. General Information About Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- ↑ Merletti F, Faggiano F, Boffetta P, Lehmann W, Rombolà A, Amasio E; et al. (1990). "Topographic classification, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic delay of cancer of the larynx/hypopharynx in Torino, Italy". Cancer. 66 (8): 1711–6. PMID 2208025.
- ↑ Helliwell TR (2003). "acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx". J Clin Pathol. 56 (2): 81–5. PMC 1769882. PMID 12560383.