Oligodendroglioma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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:*[[Posterior fossa]] (rare)
:*[[Posterior fossa]] (rare)
:*[[spinal cord|Intramedullary spinal cord]] (very rare)
:*[[spinal cord|Intramedullary spinal cord]] (very rare)
====Gallery====
<gallery>
Image:Glioma Gross 4.jpg|Brain: Oligodendroglioma: Gross; natural color, large, well circumscribed lesion in left [[frontal lobe]]
Image:Oligodendroglioma gross 2.jpg|They arise from glial cells called oligodendrocytes.<ref name=gvuhjgj>Image of oligodendroglioma. http://drarunlnaik.com/oligodendroglioma/</ref>


===Microscopic Pathology===
===Microscopic Pathology===
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*[[vascular|Microvacular proliferation]]
*[[vascular|Microvacular proliferation]]
**Either in the form of 'glomeruloid' vessels or endothelial [[hyperplasia]]
**Either in the form of 'glomeruloid' vessels or endothelial [[hyperplasia]]
====Gallery====
<gallery>
Image:Oligodendroglioma1 low mag.jpg|Oligodendroglioma low magnification showing the characteristic small, branching, ''chicken wire''-like blood vessels.H&E stain.<ref name=microscope>Images of microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:Oligodendroglioma1 high mag.jpg|Oligodendroglioma high magnification showing highly cellular lesion composed of cells resembling ''fried eggs'' with distinct cell borders moderate-to-marked nuclear atypia, and a clear cytoplasm. Acutely branched capillary sized vessels - "''chicken-wire''" like appearance.<ref name=microscope>Images of microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:Oligodendroglioma discrete invasion HE.jpg|Low power magnification of oligodendroglioma biopsy specimen showing discrete infiltration of the surrounding brain (HE stain, x40 mag).<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma minigemistocytes.jpg|Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma showing minigemistocytes and mitoses among tumor cells with perinuclear halo. HE stain.<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:MAP2 anaplastic oligodendroglioma.jpg|Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (MAP2 staining) showing perinuclear immunoreactivity of tumor cells.<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:IDH1 R132H in anaplastic ologodendroglioma.jpg|Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (IDH1-R132H staining) showing immunoreactivity of tumor cells indicating presence of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-R132H mutation.<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
</gallery>


===Immunohistochemistry===
===Immunohistochemistry===
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*[[OLIG1]]
*[[OLIG1]]
*[[OLIG2]]
*[[OLIG2]]
===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:Oligodendroglioma1 low mag.jpg|Oligodendroglioma low magnification showing the characteristic small, branching, ''chicken wire''-like blood vessels.H&E stain.<ref name=microscope>Images of microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:Oligodendroglioma1 high mag.jpg|Oligodendroglioma high magnification showing highly cellular lesion composed of cells resembling ''fried eggs'' with distinct cell borders moderate-to-marked nuclear atypia, and a clear cytoplasm. Acutely branched capillary sized vessels - "''chicken-wire''" like appearance.<ref name=microscope>Images of microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:Oligodendroglioma discrete invasion HE.jpg|Low power magnification of oligodendroglioma biopsy specimen showing discrete infiltration of the surrounding brain (HE stain, x40 mag).<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma minigemistocytes.jpg|Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma showing minigemistocytes and mitoses among tumor cells with perinuclear halo. HE stain.<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:MAP2 anaplastic oligodendroglioma.jpg|Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (MAP2 staining) showing perinuclear immunoreactivity of tumor cells.<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
Image:IDH1 R132H in anaplastic ologodendroglioma.jpg|Histopathology of anaplastic oligodendroglioma (IDH1-R132H staining) showing immunoreactivity of tumor cells indicating presence of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-R132H mutation.<ref name=LP>Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma</ref>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:37, 13 October 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

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Overview

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Genetics

  • There is a strong association of oligodendroglioma with expression of receptor tyrosine kinases that activate PI3K/AKT, RAS/MAP, and PLC/PKC pathways.[10]

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, oligodendroglioma is characterized by a well-circumscribed, gelatinous, gray mass which may expand a gyrus and remodel the skull.[11]
  • Other characteristic gross pathological features associated with oligodendroglioma include:[11][10]
  • Common intracranial sites associated with oligodendroglioma include:[12]

Gallery

Immunohistochemistry

Oligodendroglioma is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers such as:[16][17][10]

References

  1. ↑ General features of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma#cite_note-1
  2. ↑ Molecular genetics of oligodendroglioma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
  3. ↑ Bettegowda C, Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Sausen M, Wood LD, Hruban RH; et al. (2011). "Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma". Science. 333 (6048): 1453–5. doi:10.1126/science.1210557. PMC 3170506. PMID 21817013.
  4. ↑ Prognosis and treatment of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
  5. ↑ Yip S, Butterfield YS, Morozova O, Chittaranjan S, Blough MD, An J; et al. (2012). "Concurrent CIC mutations, IDH mutations, and 1p/19q loss distinguish oligodendrogliomas from other cancers". J Pathol. 226 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1002/path.2995. PMC 3246739. PMID 22072542.
  6. ↑ Labreche K, Simeonova I, Kamoun A, Gleize V, Chubb D, Letouzé E; et al. (2015). "TCF12 is mutated in anaplastic oligodendroglioma". Nat Commun. 6: 7207. doi:10.1038/ncomms8207. PMC 4490400. PMID 26068201.
  7. ↑ Suri V, Jha P, Agarwal S, Pathak P, Sharma MC, Sharma V; et al. (2011). "Molecular profile of oligodendrogliomas in young patients". Neuro Oncol. 13 (10): 1099–106. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor146. PMC 3177666. PMID 21937591.
  8. ↑ Hagel C, Laking G, Laas R, Scheil S, Jung R, Milde-Langosch K; et al. (1996). "Demonstration of p53 protein and TP53 gene mutations in oligodendrogliomas". Eur J Cancer. 32A (13): 2242–8. PMID 9038605.
  9. ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID doi:10.1016/S0090-3019(03)00167-8 Check |pmid= value (help).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 von Deimling, A; Hartmann, C (2005). "Oligodendrogliomas: Impact of molecular genetics on treatment". Neurology India. 53 (2): 140. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.16394. ISSN 0028-3886.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Gross appearance of oligodendroglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma
  12. ↑ Gross/radiologic findings of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
  13. ↑ Image of oligodendroglioma. http://drarunlnaik.com/oligodendroglioma/
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Images of microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Images of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
  16. ↑ IHC of oligodendroglioma. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Oligodendroglioma
  17. ↑ Hilbig A, Barbosa-Coutinho LM, Netto GC, Bleil CB, Toscani NV (2006). "[Immunohistochemistry in oligodendrogliomas]". Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 64 (1): 67–71. doi:/S0004-282X2006000100014 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 16622556.


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