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| ==Pathophysiology== | | ==Pathophysiology== |
| ===Peripheral Vein===
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| Suppurative thrombophlebitis usually occur in peripheral veins as a result of an intravenous catheter, or dissemination from a surrounding soft tissue infection . Other causes may include intravenous drug use, abrasions, lacerations, hypercoagulable states, and burns.
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| The high risk of suppurative thrombophlebitis in burn patients is explained by the high skin susceptibility to bacterial infection, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, and impairment of local defense due to loss of skin integrity.<ref name="pmid7369818">{{cite journal| author=Pruitt BA, McManus WF, Kim SH, Treat RC| title=Diagnosis and treatment of cannula-related intravenous sepsis in burn patients. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1980 | volume= 191 | issue= 5 | pages= 546-54 | pmid=7369818 | doi= | pmc=PMC1344732 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7369818 }} </ref>
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| ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' has been documented as the most common cause of suppurative thrombophlebitis affecting the peripheral veins.<ref name="pmid464215">{{cite journal| author=Baker CC, Petersen SR, Sheldon GF| title=Septic phlebitis: a neglected disease. | journal=Am J Surg | year= 1979 | volume= 138 | issue= 1 | pages= 97-103 | pmid=464215 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=464215 }} </ref> Other documented organisms include [[streptococci]], and [[enterobacteriaceae]].<ref name="pmid9002104">{{cite journal| author=Khan EA, Correa AG, Baker CJ| title=Suppurative thrombophlebitis in children: a ten-year experience. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 1997 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 63-7 | pmid=9002104 | doi= | pmc= | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9002104 }} </ref>
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| ===[[Lemierre's syndrome]]===
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| [[Lemierre's syndrome]] also known as jugular vein suppurative thrombophlebitis,postanginal sepsis, and necrobacillosis.<ref name="pmid15192164">{{cite journal| author=Riordan T, Wilson M| title=Lemierre's syndrome: more than a historical curiosa. | journal=Postgrad Med J | year= 2004 | volume= 80 | issue= 944 | pages= 328-34 | pmid=15192164 | doi= | pmc=PMC1743018 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15192164 }} </ref> There is extension of the bacterial infection from pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or peri-tonsillar infection, to the carotid sheath vessels that contains the internal jugular vein resulting in inflammation, thrombosis, and infection.<ref name="pmid2646510">{{cite journal| author=Sinave CP, Hardy GJ, Fardy PW| title=The Lemierre syndrome: suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to oropharyngeal infection. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 1989 | volume= 68 | issue= 2 | pages= 85-94 | pmid=2646510 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2646510 }} </ref>
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| [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacterium necrophorum]] has been documented as the causative pathogen in 80% of [[Lemierre's syndrome]] patients.<ref name="pmid19555636">{{cite journal| author=David H| title=A 21-year-old man with fever and abdominal pain after recent peritonsillar abscess drainage. | journal=Am J Emerg Med | year= 2009 | volume= 27 | issue= 4 | pages= 515.e3-4 | pmid=19555636 | doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.043 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19555636 }} </ref> Other pathogens that has been reported include [[fusobacterium|fusobacterium nucleatum]], [[bacteroides|bacteroides species]], and [[Streptococcus|streptococcal species]].<ref name="pmid12441902">{{cite journal| author=Chirinos JA, Lichtstein DM, Garcia J, Tamariz LJ| title=The evolution of Lemierre syndrome: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2002 | volume= 81 | issue= 6 | pages= 458-65 | pmid=12441902 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12441902 }} </ref>
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| ===Vena Cava===
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| Vena cava suppurative thrombophlebitis usually occurs in central venous catheter settings, and the most common pathogens found to be involved are ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and [[enterobacteriaceae]].<ref name="pmid7604379">{{cite journal| author=Kniemeyer HW, Grabitz K, Buhl R, Wüst HJ, Sandmann W| title=Surgical treatment of septic deep venous thrombosis. | journal=Surgery | year= 1995 | volume= 118 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-53 | pmid=7604379 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7604379 }} </ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |