Parathyroid cancer historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{Parathyroid | {{Parathyroid cancer}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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* The glands were first discovered in humans by [[Ivar Viktor Sandström]] (1852–1889), a Swedish medical student, in 1880 at [[Uppsala University]].<ref name=EKNOYAN1995>{{cite journal | author = Eknoyan G | title = A history of the parathyroid glands | journal = [[American Journal of Kidney Disease]] | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 801–7 |date=November 1995 | pmid = 7485136 | doi = 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90447-6| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0272638695904476 }}</ref> Unaware of Owen's description, he described the glands in his [[monograph]] "On a New Gland in Man and Fellow Animals" as the "glandulae parathyroidae", noting its existence in dogs, cats, rabbits, oxen, horses and humans.<ref>{{cite journal|title=On a New Gland in Man and Several Mammals (Glandulæ Parathyreoideæ)|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|date=9 July 1938|volume=111|issue=2|pages=197|doi=10.1001/jama.1938.02790280087037}}</ref><ref name=DUBOSE2005 /> For several years, Sandström's description received little attention.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Carney|first=JA|title=The glandulae parathyroideae of Ivar Sandström. Contributions from two continents.|journal=The American journal of surgical pathology|date=Sep 1996|volume=20|issue=9|pages=1123–44|pmid=8764749|doi=10.1097/00000478-199609000-00010}}</ref> | * The glands were first discovered in humans by [[Ivar Viktor Sandström]] (1852–1889), a Swedish medical student, in 1880 at [[Uppsala University]].<ref name=EKNOYAN1995>{{cite journal | author = Eknoyan G | title = A history of the parathyroid glands | journal = [[American Journal of Kidney Disease]] | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 801–7 |date=November 1995 | pmid = 7485136 | doi = 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90447-6| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0272638695904476 }}</ref> Unaware of Owen's description, he described the glands in his [[monograph]] "On a New Gland in Man and Fellow Animals" as the "glandulae parathyroidae", noting its existence in dogs, cats, rabbits, oxen, horses and humans.<ref>{{cite journal|title=On a New Gland in Man and Several Mammals (Glandulæ Parathyreoideæ)|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|date=9 July 1938|volume=111|issue=2|pages=197|doi=10.1001/jama.1938.02790280087037}}</ref><ref name=DUBOSE2005 /> For several years, Sandström's description received little attention.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Carney|first=JA|title=The glandulae parathyroideae of Ivar Sandström. Contributions from two continents.|journal=The American journal of surgical pathology|date=Sep 1996|volume=20|issue=9|pages=1123–44|pmid=8764749|doi=10.1097/00000478-199609000-00010}}</ref> | ||
* Physiologist [[Eugène Gley|Eugene Gley]] first documented the putative function of the glands in 1891, noting the connection between their removal and the development of muscular tetani. [[William George MacCallum|William G. MacCallum]] in 1908, investigating tumours of the parathyroid, proposed their role in calcium metabolism.<ref name=DUBOSE2005>{{cite journal|last=DuBose|first=Joseph|author2=Ragsdale, Timothy |author3=Morvant, Jason |title="Bodies so tiny": The history of parathyroid surgery|journal=Current Surgery|date=January 2005|volume=62|issue=1|pages=91–95|doi=10.1016/j.cursur.2004.07.012}}</ref> He noted that "Tetany occurs spontaneously in many forms and may also be produced by the destruction of the parathyroid glands".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Maccallum|first=W. G|author2=Voegtlin, C.|title=On the Relation of Tetant to the Parathyroid Glands and to Calcium Metabolism.|journal=The Journal of experimental medicine|date=Jan 9, 1909|volume=11|issue=1|pages=118–51|pmid=19867238|doi=10.1084/jem.11.1.118|pmc=2124703}}</ref> | * Physiologist [[Eugène Gley|Eugene Gley]] first documented the putative function of the glands in 1891, noting the connection between their removal and the development of muscular tetani. [[William George MacCallum|William G. MacCallum]] in 1908, investigating tumours of the parathyroid, proposed their role in calcium metabolism.<ref name=DUBOSE2005>{{cite journal|last=DuBose|first=Joseph|author2=Ragsdale, Timothy |author3=Morvant, Jason |title="Bodies so tiny": The history of parathyroid surgery|journal=Current Surgery|date=January 2005|volume=62|issue=1|pages=91–95|doi=10.1016/j.cursur.2004.07.012}}</ref> He noted that "Tetany occurs spontaneously in many forms and may also be produced by the destruction of the parathyroid glands".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Maccallum|first=W. G|author2=Voegtlin, C.|title=On the Relation of Tetant to the Parathyroid Glands and to Calcium Metabolism.|journal=The Journal of experimental medicine|date=Jan 9, 1909|volume=11|issue=1|pages=118–51|pmid=19867238|doi=10.1084/jem.11.1.118|pmc=2124703}}</ref> | ||
* Parathyroid hormone was isolated in 1923 by [[Adolph M. Hanson]] and 1925 by [[James Collip|James B. Collip]]. Studies of parathyroid hormone levels by [[Roger Guillemin]], [[Andrew Schally]] and [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow]] led to the development of [[immunoassay]]s capable of measuring body substances and a [[Nobel Prize]] in 1977.<ref name=EKNOYAN1995 /><ref name=DUBOSE2005 /> | |||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
Revision as of 12:04, 28 December 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
Discovery
- The parathyroid glands were first discovered in the Indian Rhinoceros by Richard Owen in 1852.[1] In his description of the neck anatomy, Owen referred to the glands as "a small compact yellow glandular body attached to the thyroid at the point where the veins emerged".
- The glands were first discovered in humans by Ivar Viktor Sandström (1852–1889), a Swedish medical student, in 1880 at Uppsala University.[2] Unaware of Owen's description, he described the glands in his monograph "On a New Gland in Man and Fellow Animals" as the "glandulae parathyroidae", noting its existence in dogs, cats, rabbits, oxen, horses and humans.[3][4] For several years, Sandström's description received little attention.[5]
- Physiologist Eugene Gley first documented the putative function of the glands in 1891, noting the connection between their removal and the development of muscular tetani. William G. MacCallum in 1908, investigating tumours of the parathyroid, proposed their role in calcium metabolism.[4] He noted that "Tetany occurs spontaneously in many forms and may also be produced by the destruction of the parathyroid glands".[6]
* Parathyroid hormone was isolated in 1923 by Adolph M. Hanson and 1925 by James B. Collip. Studies of parathyroid hormone levels by Roger Guillemin, Andrew Schally and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow led to the development of immunoassays capable of measuring body substances and a Nobel Prize in 1977.[2][4]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- The first successful removal of the parathyroid may have been carried out in 1928 by medical doctor Isaac Y Olch, whose intern had noticed elevated calcium levels in an elderly patient with muscle weakness. Prior to this surgery, patients with removed parathyroid glands typically died from muscular tetani.[4]
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
References
- ↑ Cave, A.J.E. (1953). "Richard Owen and the discovery of the parathyroid glands" (PDF). In E. Ashworth Underwood. Science, Medicine and History. Essays on the Evolution of Scientific Thought and Medical Practice. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 217–222. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eknoyan G (November 1995). "A history of the parathyroid glands". American Journal of Kidney Disease. 26 (5): 801–7. doi:10.1016/0272-6386(95)90447-6. PMID 7485136.
- ↑ "On a New Gland in Man and Several Mammals (Glandulæ Parathyreoideæ)". Journal of the American Medical Association. 111 (2): 197. 9 July 1938. doi:10.1001/jama.1938.02790280087037.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 DuBose, Joseph; Ragsdale, Timothy; Morvant, Jason (January 2005). ""Bodies so tiny": The history of parathyroid surgery". Current Surgery. 62 (1): 91–95. doi:10.1016/j.cursur.2004.07.012.
- ↑ Carney, JA (Sep 1996). "The glandulae parathyroideae of Ivar Sandström. Contributions from two continents". The American journal of surgical pathology. 20 (9): 1123–44. doi:10.1097/00000478-199609000-00010. PMID 8764749.
- ↑ Maccallum, W. G; Voegtlin, C. (Jan 9, 1909). "On the Relation of Tetant to the Parathyroid Glands and to Calcium Metabolism". The Journal of experimental medicine. 11 (1): 118–51. doi:10.1084/jem.11.1.118. PMC 2124703. PMID 19867238.