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==Discovery==
==Discovery==
* Parathyroid cancer was first described in 1933 by Sainton and Millot.
* de Quevain described in 1904, parathyroid cancer in a person with non-functioning lesion.<ref name="Quervain1909">{{cite journal|last1=Quervain|first1=F.|title=Parastruma maligna aberrata|journal=Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie|volume=100|issue=1|year=1909|pages=334–353|issn=0367-0023|doi=10.1007/BF02819737}}</ref>
* The parathyroid glands were first discovered in the [[Indian Rhinoceros]] by [[Richard Owen]] in 1852.<ref name="Cave1953">{{cite book|last=Cave|first=A.J.E.|editor=E. Ashworth Underwood|title=Science, Medicine and History. Essays on the Evolution of Scientific Thought and Medical Practice|accessdate=2009-07-20|volume=2|year=1953|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=217–222|chapter=Richard Owen and the discovery of the parathyroid glands|chapterurl=http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/ref_files/1216989886.pdf}}</ref> In his description of the neck anatomy, Owen referred to the glands as "a small compact yellow glandular body attached to the thyroid at the point where the veins emerged".
* Parathyroid cancer was first described in 1933 by Sainton and Millot.<ref name="pmid26312219">{{cite journal| author=McClenaghan F, Qureshi YA| title=Parathyroid cancer. | journal=Gland Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 4 | pages= 329-38 | pmid=26312219 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.05.09 | pmc=PMC4523631 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26312219  }} </ref>
* The glands were first discovered in humans by [[Ivar Viktor Sandström]] (1852–1889), a Swedish medical student, in 1880 at [[Uppsala University]].<ref name=EKNOYAN1995>{{cite journal | author = Eknoyan G | title = A history of the parathyroid glands | journal = [[American Journal of Kidney Disease]] | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 801–7 |date=November 1995 | pmid = 7485136 | doi = 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90447-6| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0272638695904476 }}</ref> Unaware of Owen's description, he described the glands in his [[monograph]] "On a New Gland in Man and Fellow Animals" as the "glandulae parathyroidae", noting its existence in dogs, cats, rabbits, oxen, horses and humans.<ref>{{cite journal|title=On a New Gland in Man and Several Mammals (Glandulæ Parathyreoideæ)|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|date=9 July 1938|volume=111|issue=2|pages=197|doi=10.1001/jama.1938.02790280087037}}</ref><ref name=DUBOSE2005 /> For several years, Sandström's description received little attention.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Carney|first=JA|title=The glandulae parathyroideae of Ivar Sandström. Contributions from two continents.|journal=The American journal of surgical pathology|date=Sep 1996|volume=20|issue=9|pages=1123–44|pmid=8764749|doi=10.1097/00000478-199609000-00010}}</ref>
* Physiologist [[Eugène Gley|Eugene Gley]] first documented the putative function of the glands in 1891, noting the connection between their removal and the development of muscular tetani. [[William George MacCallum|William G. MacCallum]] in 1908, investigating tumours of the parathyroid, proposed their role in calcium metabolism.<ref name=DUBOSE2005>{{cite journal|last=DuBose|first=Joseph|author2=Ragsdale, Timothy |author3=Morvant, Jason |title="Bodies so tiny": The history of parathyroid surgery|journal=Current Surgery|date=January 2005|volume=62|issue=1|pages=91–95|doi=10.1016/j.cursur.2004.07.012}}</ref> He noted that "Tetany occurs spontaneously in many forms and may also be produced by the destruction of the parathyroid glands".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Maccallum|first=W. G|author2=Voegtlin, C.|title=On the Relation of Tetant to the Parathyroid Glands and to Calcium Metabolism.|journal=The Journal of experimental medicine|date=Jan 9, 1909|volume=11|issue=1|pages=118–51|pmid=19867238|doi=10.1084/jem.11.1.118|pmc=2124703}}</ref>
* Parathyroid hormone was isolated in 1923 by [[Adolph M. Hanson]] and 1925 by [[James Collip|James B. Collip]]. Studies of parathyroid hormone levels by [[Roger Guillemin]], [[Andrew Schally]] and [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow]] led to the development of [[immunoassay]]s capable of measuring body substances and a [[Nobel Prize]] in 1977.<ref name=EKNOYAN1995 /><ref name=DUBOSE2005 />
 
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
* The first successful removal of the parathyroid may have been carried out in 1928 by medical doctor Isaac Y Olch, whose [[intern]] had noticed elevated calcium levels in an elderly patient with muscle weakness. Prior to this surgery, patients with removed parathyroid glands typically died from muscular tetani.<ref name=DUBOSE2005 />
* The first successful removal of the parathyroid may have been carried out in 1928 by medical doctor Isaac Y Olch, whose [[intern]] had noticed elevated calcium levels in an elderly patient with muscle weakness. Prior to this surgery, patients with removed parathyroid glands typically died from muscular tetani.<ref name=DUBOSE2005 />

Revision as of 15:06, 28 December 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Discovery

  • de Quevain described in 1904, parathyroid cancer in a person with non-functioning lesion.[1]
  • Parathyroid cancer was first described in 1933 by Sainton and Millot.[2]

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

  • The first successful removal of the parathyroid may have been carried out in 1928 by medical doctor Isaac Y Olch, whose intern had noticed elevated calcium levels in an elderly patient with muscle weakness. Prior to this surgery, patients with removed parathyroid glands typically died from muscular tetani.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Quervain, F. (1909). "Parastruma maligna aberrata". Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie. 100 (1): 334–353. doi:10.1007/BF02819737. ISSN 0367-0023.
  2. ↑ McClenaghan F, Qureshi YA (2015). "Parathyroid cancer". Gland Surg. 4 (4): 329–38. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.05.09. PMC 4523631. PMID 26312219.
  3. ↑


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