Mumps natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{ | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{LG}}; {{NRM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
A majority of the patients infected with mumps usually recover completely. However, mumps can occasionally cause complications, and some of them can be serious. Complications may occur even if the patient does not have [[salivary gland enlargement|swollen salivary glands]] ([[parotitis]]) and are more common in people who have reached puberty. | A majority of the patients infected with mumps usually recover completely. However, mumps can occasionally cause complications, and some of them can be serious. Complications may occur even if the patient does not have [[salivary gland enlargement|swollen salivary glands]] ([[parotitis]]) and are more common in people who have reached puberty. | ||
==Natural History== | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
*While symptoms are generally not severe in children, the symptoms in teenagers and adults can be more severe and complications such as [[infertility]] or [[subfertility]] are relatively common, although still rare in absolute terms.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D | title=[Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis] | journal=Med Pregl | year=1996 | pages=99-102 | volume=49 | issue=3-4 | id={{PMID|8692089}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Shakhov EV, Krupin VN | title=[The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps] | journal=Urol Nefrol (Mosk) | year=1990 | pages=46-50 | volume= | issue=2 | id={{PMID|2368216}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Tsvetkov D | title=[Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis] | journal=Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) | year=1990 | pages=46-9 | volume=29 | issue=6 | id={{PMID|2100952}} }}</ref> | *While symptoms are generally not severe in children, the symptoms in teenagers and adults can be more severe and complications such as [[infertility]] or [[subfertility]] are relatively common, although still rare in absolute terms.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D | title=[Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis] | journal=Med Pregl | year=1996 | pages=99-102 | volume=49 | issue=3-4 | id={{PMID|8692089}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Shakhov EV, Krupin VN | title=[The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps] | journal=Urol Nefrol (Mosk) | year=1990 | pages=46-50 | volume= | issue=2 | id={{PMID|2368216}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Tsvetkov D | title=[Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis] | journal=Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) | year=1990 | pages=46-9 | volume=29 | issue=6 | id={{PMID|2100952}} }}</ref> | ||
*Complications may occur even if the patient does not have [[salivary gland enlargement|swollen salivary glands]] ([[parotitis]]) and are more common in people who have reached puberty. | *Complications may occur even if the patient does not have [[salivary gland enlargement|swollen salivary glands]] ([[parotitis]]) and are more common in people who have reached puberty. | ||
*Rare complications of mumps include: | *Rare complications of mumps include: | ||
:*Profound (91 dB or more) but rare [[sensorineural hearing loss]] which may be either unilateral or bilateral | :*Profound (91 dB or more) but rare [[sensorineural hearing loss]] which may be either unilateral or bilateral | ||
:*Mild forms of [[meningitis]] (~40% of cases occur without parotid swelling) | :*Mild forms of [[meningitis]] (~40% of cases occur without parotid swelling) | ||
:*[[Encephalitis]] (very rare, rarely fatal) | :*[[Encephalitis]] (very rare, rarely fatal) | ||
:*Mumps viral infections in adolescent and adult males carry an up to 30% risk that the testes may become infected ([[orchitis]] or [[epididymitis]]), which can be quite painful; about half of these infections result in [[testicular atrophy]], and in rare cases sterility can follow. | :*Mumps viral infections in adolescent and adult males carry an up to 30% risk that the testes may become infected ([[orchitis]] or [[epididymitis]]), which can be quite painful; about half of these infections result in [[testicular atrophy]], and in rare cases sterility can follow. | ||
:*Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy. | :*Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy. | ||
:*[[Pancreatitis]] in about 4% of cases, manifesting as abdominal pain and [[vomiting]] | :*[[Pancreatitis]] in about 4% of cases, manifesting as abdominal pain and [[vomiting]] | ||
:*[[Oophoritis]] and/or [[mastitis]] in females who have reached puberty | :*[[Oophoritis]] and/or [[mastitis]] in females who have reached puberty | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The disease is self-limiting, and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] to mumps generally occurs. Sterility in men secondary to [[testicle|testicular]] involvement and death are very rare occurrences. | The disease is self-limiting, and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] to mumps generally occurs. Sterility in men secondary to [[testicle|testicular]] involvement and death are very rare occurrences. | ||
==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
[http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/about/mumps-facts.html CDC: Mumps Complications] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
Revision as of 16:45, 10 March 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.
Overview
A majority of the patients infected with mumps usually recover completely. However, mumps can occasionally cause complications, and some of them can be serious. Complications may occur even if the patient does not have swollen salivary glands (parotitis) and are more common in people who have reached puberty.
Natural History
Complications
- While symptoms are generally not severe in children, the symptoms in teenagers and adults can be more severe and complications such as infertility or subfertility are relatively common, although still rare in absolute terms.[1] [2] [3]
- Complications may occur even if the patient does not have swollen salivary glands (parotitis) and are more common in people who have reached puberty.
- Rare complications of mumps include:
- Profound (91 dB or more) but rare sensorineural hearing loss which may be either unilateral or bilateral
- Mild forms of meningitis (~40% of cases occur without parotid swelling)
- Encephalitis (very rare, rarely fatal)
- Mumps viral infections in adolescent and adult males carry an up to 30% risk that the testes may become infected (orchitis or epididymitis), which can be quite painful; about half of these infections result in testicular atrophy, and in rare cases sterility can follow.
- Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- Pancreatitis in about 4% of cases, manifesting as abdominal pain and vomiting
- Oophoritis and/or mastitis in females who have reached puberty
Prognosis
The disease is self-limiting, and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps generally occurs. Sterility in men secondary to testicular involvement and death are very rare occurrences.
Resources
References
- ↑ Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D (1996). "[Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis]". Med Pregl. 49 (3–4): 99–102. PMID 8692089.
- ↑ Shakhov EV, Krupin VN (1990). "[The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps]". Urol Nefrol (Mosk) (2): 46–50. PMID 2368216.
- ↑ Tsvetkov D (1990). "[Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis]". Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 29 (6): 46–9. PMID 2100952.