Mumps natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
*Symptoms in teenagers and adults may be more severe. | *Symptoms in teenagers and adults may be more severe. | ||
*Complications are relatively rare but may occur in asymptomatic patients and are more common in people who have reached puberty. | *Complications are relatively rare but may occur in asymptomatic patients and are more common in people who have reached [[puberty]]. | ||
*The most common complication is [[orchitis]] in post-pubertal males.<ref name="CDCMumps">Mumps. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (May 29, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/index.html Accessed March 09, 2016.</ref> | *The most common complication is [[orchitis]] in post-pubertal males.<ref name="CDCMumps">Mumps. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (May 29, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/index.html Accessed March 09, 2016.</ref> | ||
:*Occurs in approximately 20% of cases in this population | :*Occurs in approximately 20% of cases in this population | ||
:*Orchitis is typically unilateral and atrophy may occur | :*Orchitis is typically unilateral and [[testicular atrophy]] may occur | ||
:*[[Infertility]] or [[subfertility]] is rare but may occur<ref>{{cite journal | author=Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D | title=Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis | journal=Med Pregl | year=1996 | pages=99-102 | volume=49 | issue=3-4 | id={{PMID|8692089}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Shakhov EV, Krupin VN | title=The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps | journal=Urol Nefrol (Mosk) | year=1990 | pages=46-50 | volume= | issue=2 | id={{PMID|2368216}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Tsvetkov D | title=Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis | journal=Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) | year=1990 | pages=46-9 | volume=29 | issue=6 | id={{PMID|2100952}} }}</ref> | :*[[Infertility]] or [[subfertility]] is rare but may occur<ref>{{cite journal | author=Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D | title=Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis | journal=Med Pregl | year=1996 | pages=99-102 | volume=49 | issue=3-4 | id={{PMID|8692089}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Shakhov EV, Krupin VN | title=The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps | journal=Urol Nefrol (Mosk) | year=1990 | pages=46-50 | volume= | issue=2 | id={{PMID|2368216}} }}</ref><sup> </sup><ref>{{cite journal | author=Tsvetkov D | title=Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis | journal=Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) | year=1990 | pages=46-9 | volume=29 | issue=6 | id={{PMID|2100952}} }}</ref> | ||
*Other complications of mumps include:<ref name="pmid10063655">{{cite journal| author=Galazka AM, Robertson SE, Kraigher A| title=Mumps and mumps vaccine: a global review. | journal=Bull World Health Organ | year= 1999 | volume= 77 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-14 | pmid=10063655 | doi= | pmc=PMC2557572 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10063655 }} </ref><ref name="Gupta2005">{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=R. K|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005|journal=BMJ|volume=330|issue=7500|year=2005|pages=1132–1135|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132}}</ref> | *Other complications of mumps include:<ref name="pmid10063655">{{cite journal| author=Galazka AM, Robertson SE, Kraigher A| title=Mumps and mumps vaccine: a global review. | journal=Bull World Health Organ | year= 1999 | volume= 77 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-14 | pmid=10063655 | doi= | pmc=PMC2557572 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10063655 }} </ref><ref name="Gupta2005">{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=R. K|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005|journal=BMJ|volume=330|issue=7500|year=2005|pages=1132–1135|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132}}</ref> | ||
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:*[[Meningitis]] | :*[[Meningitis]] | ||
:*[[Encephalitis]] | :*[[Encephalitis]] | ||
:*Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy. | :*[[Spontaneous abortion]] in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of [[pregnancy]]. | ||
:*[[Pancreatitis]] in about 5% of cases<ref name="pmid8582424">{{cite journal| author=Nussinovitch M, Volovitz B, Varsano I| title=Complications of mumps requiring hospitalization in children. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 1995 | volume= 154 | issue= 9 | pages= 732-4 | pmid=8582424 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8582424 }} </ref> | :*[[Pancreatitis]] in about 5% of cases<ref name="pmid8582424">{{cite journal| author=Nussinovitch M, Volovitz B, Varsano I| title=Complications of mumps requiring hospitalization in children. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 1995 | volume= 154 | issue= 9 | pages= 732-4 | pmid=8582424 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8582424 }} </ref> | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The disease is self-limiting, and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] to mumps generally occurs. Sterility in men secondary to [[testicle|testicular]] involvement and death are very rare occurrences. | The disease is [[self-limiting]], and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] to mumps generally occurs. [[Sterility]] in men secondary to [[testicle|testicular]] involvement and death are very rare occurrences. | ||
==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
Revision as of 20:32, 10 March 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.
Overview
A majority of the patients infected with mumps usually recover completely. However, mumps can occasionally cause complications, and some of them can be serious. Complications may occur even if the patient does not have swollen salivary glands (parotitis) and are more common in people who have reached puberty.
Natural History
Complications
- Symptoms in teenagers and adults may be more severe.
- Complications are relatively rare but may occur in asymptomatic patients and are more common in people who have reached puberty.
- The most common complication is orchitis in post-pubertal males.[1]
- Occurs in approximately 20% of cases in this population
- Orchitis is typically unilateral and testicular atrophy may occur
- Infertility or subfertility is rare but may occur[2] [3] [4]
- Oophoritis and/or mastitis in approximately 5% of post-pubertal females
- Unilateral or less common bilateral transient sensorineural hearing loss - permanent deafness has occurred but is rare[7]
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- Pancreatitis in about 5% of cases[8]
Prognosis
The disease is self-limiting, and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps generally occurs. Sterility in men secondary to testicular involvement and death are very rare occurrences.
Resources
References
- ↑ Mumps. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (May 29, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/index.html Accessed March 09, 2016.
- ↑ Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D (1996). "Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis". Med Pregl. 49 (3–4): 99–102. PMID 8692089.
- ↑ Shakhov EV, Krupin VN (1990). "The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps". Urol Nefrol (Mosk) (2): 46–50. PMID 2368216.
- ↑ Tsvetkov D (1990). "Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis". Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 29 (6): 46–9. PMID 2100952.
- ↑ Galazka AM, Robertson SE, Kraigher A (1999). "Mumps and mumps vaccine: a global review". Bull World Health Organ. 77 (1): 3–14. PMC 2557572. PMID 10063655.
- ↑ Gupta, R. K (2005). "Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005". BMJ. 330 (7500): 1132–1135. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ↑ Hashimoto H, Fujioka M, Kinumaki H, Kinki Ambulatory Pediatrics Study Group (2009). "An office-based prospective study of deafness in mumps". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (3): 173–5. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818a8ca8. PMID 19209100.
- ↑ Nussinovitch M, Volovitz B, Varsano I (1995). "Complications of mumps requiring hospitalization in children". Eur J Pediatr. 154 (9): 732–4. PMID 8582424.