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Revision as of 00:51, 15 March 2016
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Atherosclerosis risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Risk Factors
Various anatomic, physiological & behavioral risk factors for atherosclerosis are known. These can be divided into various categories: congenital vs acquired, modifiable or not, classical or non-classical. The points labelled '+' in the following list form the core components of "metabolic syndrome":
- Advanced age
- Male sex
- Having Diabetes or Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) +
- Dyslipoproteinemia (unhealthy patterns of serum proteins carrying fats & cholesterol): +
- High serum concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad if elevated concentrations and small"), Lipoprotein(a) (a variant of LDL), and / or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, i.e. "lipoprotein subclass analysis"
- Low serum concentration of functioning high density lipoprotein (HDL "protective if large and high enough" particles), i.e. "lipoprotein subclass analysis"
- Tobacco smoking
- Having high blood pressure +
- Being obese (in particular central obesity, also referred to as abdominal or male-type obesity) +
- A sedentary lifestyle
- Having close relatives who have had some complication of atherosclerosis (eg. coronary heart disease or stroke)
- Elevated serum levels of homocysteine
- Elevated serum levels of uric acid (also responsible for gout)
- Elevated serum fibrinogen concentrations +
- Chronic systemic inflammation as reflected by upper normal WBC concentrations, elevated hs-CRP and many other blood chemistry markers, most only research level at present, not clinically done.[1]
- Stress or symptoms of clinical depression
- Hypothyroidism (a slow-acting thyroid)
- High intake of trans-fats and saturated fats in diet
References
- ↑ Deepak L. Bhatt, MD; Eric J. Topol, MD Need to Test the Arterial Inflammation Hypothesis, 2002, referenced on 4/1/06