Acute liver failure causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Acute liver failure}} | {{Acute liver failure}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are various causes that can lead to the development of acute liver failure, the most common of which is [[acetaminophen]] overdose, usually as a consequence of attempted suicide. Other toxins such as alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, and other medications can also lead to the development of acute liver failure. It can also be idiopathic, or as a consequence of other diseases or conditions such as; [[Wilson's disease]], [[autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Reye syndrome]], [[viral hepatitis]], [[parvovirus B19]] infection, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. | There are various causes that can lead to the development of acute liver failure, the most common of which is [[acetaminophen]] overdose, usually as a consequence of attempted suicide. Other toxins such as alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, and other medications can also lead to the development of acute liver failure. It can also be idiopathic, or as a consequence of other diseases or conditions such as; [[Wilson's disease]], [[autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Reye syndrome]], [[viral hepatitis]], [[parvovirus B19]] infection, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[Acetaminophen]] overdose is the most common cause. The reason is usually suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of acetaminophen decreases in some cases such as in chronic [[alcoholics]], [[diabetics]], and while fasting. | * [[Acetaminophen]] overdose is the most common cause. The reason is usually suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of acetaminophen decreases in some cases such as in chronic [[alcoholics]], [[diabetics]], and while fasting. | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list|3| | |||
{{ | |||
*[[8-Hyydroxyquinoline]] | *[[8-Hyydroxyquinoline]] | ||
*[[Abacavir]] | *[[Abacavir]] | ||
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*[[Epstein-Barr virus]] | *[[Epstein-Barr virus]] | ||
*[[Erlotinib]] | *[[Erlotinib]] | ||
*[[Erythromycin]] | *[[Erythromycin]] | ||
*[[Ethanol]] | *[[Ethanol]] | ||
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*[[Loratadine]] | *[[Loratadine]] | ||
*[[Lovastatin]] | *[[Lovastatin]] | ||
*[[Ma Huang]] | *[[Ma Huang]] | ||
*[[MAO inhibitors]] | *[[MAO inhibitors]] | ||
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*[[Wilson's disease]] | *[[Wilson's disease]] | ||
*[[Yellow phosphorous]] | *[[Yellow phosphorous]] | ||
}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Organ failure]] | [[Category:Organ failure]] | ||
[[Category:Causes of death]] | [[Category:Causes of death]] | ||
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Revision as of 14:20, 1 June 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
There are various causes that can lead to the development of acute liver failure, the most common of which is acetaminophen overdose, usually as a consequence of attempted suicide. Other toxins such as alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, and other medications can also lead to the development of acute liver failure. It can also be idiopathic, or as a consequence of other diseases or conditions such as; Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, Reye syndrome, viral hepatitis, parvovirus B19 infection, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause. The reason is usually suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of acetaminophen decreases in some cases such as in chronic alcoholics, diabetics, and while fasting.
- Idiosyncratic reactions to medication is the second most common cause. Culprit drugs are: tetracycline, troglitazone, antituberculosis drugs, and anti-epileptic drugs
- Excessive alcohol intake and severe alcoholic hepatitis
- Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A or B). The incidences of acute liver failure in post-viral hepatitis has decreased due to the extensive vaccination against these infections.
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Reye syndrome is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. chickenpox); it appears that aspirin use may play a significant role
- Wilson's disease (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure
- Idiopathic (without an obvious cause)
- Diseases of fatty acid oxidation pathways
- Parvovirus B19 infection
- Budd–Chiari syndrome
- Malignancy such as lymphomas
- Shock
- Hyperthermia
- Hypothermia
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
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