Acute liver failure risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Certain conditions can put a person at risk for developing acute liver failure. These include having certain infections, vascular disorders, autoimmune conditions, metabolic diseases, and primary cancers or malignancies.

Risk Factors

• Drug-related hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen and idiosyncratic drug reactions is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States.
• Viruses infectious diseases

• Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis D virus, or Hepatitis E virus.
• Other atypical viruses can cause viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure, including cytomegalovirus, hemorrhagic fever viruses, herpes simplex virus, paramyxovirus and Epstein-Barr virus.

• Vascular diseases

• Ischemic hepatitis
• Hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome)
• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
• Portal vein thrombosis

• Autoimmune disease

• Autoimmune hepatitis

• Metabolic diseases

• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
• Reye syndrome
• Tyrosinemia
• HELLP syndrome

• Malignancy

• Primary liver tumor: Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Secondary liver tumor: Extensive hepatic metastases or infiltration from breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia.

• Long term alcohol consumption