Cryoglobulinemia classification: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 20:20, 14 June 2016
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Cryoglobulinemia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Case Studies |
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Cryoglobulinemia classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cryoglobulinemia classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cryoglobulinemia classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Classification
Cryoglobulinemia is classically grouped into three types according to the Brouet classification.[1]
Type I
Type I is is a monoclonal immunoglobulin and is most commonly encountered in patients with a plasma cell dyscrasia such as multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia.[2] It can lead to a glomerulopathy that is distinct from light chain disease in amyloidosis.
Type II
Type II is essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and the cryoglobulins are a polyclonal IgG and a momoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor directed against IgG. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), HIV and Hepatitis B have been implicated but the majority is due to Hepatitis C (HCV). [2]
Type III
Type III is also a mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) where both the IgG and IgM are polyclonal. It is seen in various autoimmune disorders and lymphoreticular disease as well as hepatitis C in almost 50%. There is a 50% mortality rate at 15 years after diagnosis of MC.