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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Acute liver failure}} | | {{Acute liver failure}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
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| ===Life Threatening Causes=== | | ===Life Threatening Causes=== |
| Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | | Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. |
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| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Organ failure]]
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| [[Category:Causes of death]]
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| [[Category:Hepatology]] | | [[Category:Hepatology]] |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
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| [[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
There are various causes that can lead to the development of acute liver failure, the most common of which is acetaminophen overdose, usually as a consequence of attempted suicide. Other toxins such as alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, and other medications can also lead to the development of acute liver failure. It can also be idiopathic, or as a consequence of other diseases or conditions such as; Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, Reye syndrome, viral hepatitis, parvovirus B19 infection, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
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Cardiomyopathy, Congestive heart failure, Heart surgery, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Hypotension, Myocarditis, Shock
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| Chemical / poisoning
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8-Hyydroxyquinoline, Amanita phalloides, Amatoxins, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethanol, Gold, Gyromitrin, Iron compounds, Mushroom poisoning, Senecio, Toluene, Yellow phosphorous, Bacillus cereus , Cyanobacteria
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| Dermatologic
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No underlying causes
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| Drug Side Effect
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Abacavir, Acetaminophen, Acetaminophen and Oxycodone, Albendazole, Allopurinol, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Anticonvulsants, Antituberculosis drugs, Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Bromfenac , Carbamazepine, Chaparral, Chelidonium, Ciprofloxacin, Comfrey, Cyclophosphamide, Dantrolene, Dapsone, diclofenac (patch), Didanosine, Dideoxyinosine, Disulfiram, Doxycycline, Efavirenz, Ephedra, Erlotinib, Erythromycin, Etodolac, Fluoroquinolones, Flutamide, Gemtuzumab, Gemtuzumab, Germander tea, Ginseng, Halothane, He Shou Wu, Hydroxychloroquine, Imipramine, Interferon beta, Isoflurane, Isoniazid, Ixabepilone, Kava kava, Ketoconazole, Labetalol, Leflunomide, Loratadine, Lovastatin, Ma Huang, MAO inhibitors, Meloxicam, Methotrexate, Methyldopa, Moxifloxacin, Niacin, Nevirapine, Nicotinic acid, Nitisinone, Nitrofurantoin, Nortriptyline, NSAIDs, Oral contraceptive pills , Pazopanib, Pemoline, Pennyroyal, Phenytoin, Propylthiouracil, Pyrazinamide, Regorafenib, Rifampin, Simvastatin, Skull cap, Statins, Sulfacetamide, Sulfasalazine, Suloctidil, Terbinafine, Tetracycline, Teucrium polium, Tolcapone, Tricyclic antidepressants, Troglitazone, Valproic acid, Ecstacy, Cocaine, Reye's syndrome
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| Ear Nose Throat
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No underlying causes
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| Endocrine
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No underlying causes
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| Environmental
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No underlying causes
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| Gastroenterologic
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Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cirrhosis, Hepatic arterial thrombosis, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Ischemic hepatitis, Portal vein thrombosis, Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Liver tumor, Autoimmune hepatitis
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| Genetic
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Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, Fructose intolerance, Galactosemia, Hemochromatosis, LCAT deficiency, Sickle cell disease, Tyrosinemia, Wilson's disease, HELLP syndrome
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| Hematologic
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Hemosiderosis, Hemochromatosis, Sickle cell disease, HELLP syndrome, Leukemia
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| Iatrogenic
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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Hepatectomy, Reye's syndrome
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| Infectious Disease
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Adenovirus, Bacillus cereus , Cyanobacteria, Cytomegalovirus, Echovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Fasciola hepatica, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Herpes simplex, Leptospirosis, Non A non B hepatitis , Parainfluenza viruses, Parvovirus, Sepsis, Viral hemorrhagic fever, Viral hepatitis, Visceral leishmaniasis
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| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
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Adult onset Still's disease
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| Neurologic
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No underlying causes
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| Nutritional / Metabolic
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Fatty acid oxidation pathway diseases, Hemochromatosis, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, Fructose intolerance, Galactosemia, LCAT deficiency, Tyrosinemia, Wilson's disease
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| Obstetric/Gynecologic
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Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP syndrome
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| Oncologic
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Leukemia, Liver tumor
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| Opthalmologic
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No underlying causes
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| Overdose / Toxicity
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Abacavir, Acetaminophen, Allopurinol, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Anticonvulsants, Antituberculosis drugs, Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Bromfenac , Carbamazepine, Chaparral, Chelidonium, Ciprofloxacin, Comfrey, Cyclophosphamide, Dantrolene, Dapsone, Didanosine, Dideoxyinosine, Disulfiram, Doxycycline, Efavirenz, Ephedra, Erlotinib, Erythromycin, Etodolac, Fluoroquinolones, Flutamide, Gemtuzumab, Gemtuzumab, Germander tea, Ginseng, Halothane, He Shou Wu, Imipramine, Interferon beta, Isoflurane, Isoniazid, Kava kava, Ketoconazole, Labetalol, Leflunomide, Lovastatin, Ma Huang, MAO inhibitors, Methotrexate, Methyldopa, Moxifloxacin, Nevirapine, Nicotinic acid, Nitisinone, Nitrofurantoin, Nortriptyline, NSAIDs, Oral contraceptive pills , Pazopanib, Pemoline, Pennyroyal, Phenytoin, Propylthiouracil, Pyrazinamide, Regorafenib, Rifampin, Simvastatin, Skull cap, Statins, Sulfasalazine, Suloctidil, Terbinafine, Tetracycline, Teucrium polium, Tolcapone, Tricyclic antidepressants, Troglitazone, Valproic acid, Ecstacy, Cocaine
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| Psychiatric
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No underlying causes
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| Pulmonary
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Asphyxia, Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
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| Renal / Electrolyte
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No underlying causes
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| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
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Autoimmune hepatitis, Graft versus host disease
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| Sexual
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No underlying causes
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| Trauma
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No underlying causes
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| Urologic
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No underlying causes
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| Dental
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No underlying causes
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| Miscellaneous
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Alcohol, Cocaine, Cryptogenic, Ecstacy, Heat stroke, Hyperthermia, Hypothermia
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Causes in Alphabetical Order
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References
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