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'''Hepatorenal syndrome''' (HRS) refers to [[acute renal failure]] that occurs in the setting of [[cirrhosis]] or [[fulminant]] [[liver failure]] associated with [[portal hypertension]], usually in the absence of other disease of the [[kidney]] <ref name=IAC>Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Scholmerich J. Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. ''Hepatology.'' 1996 Jan;23(1):164-76. PMID 8550036</ref><ref name=FloWo>Wong F, Blendis L. New challenge of hepatorenal syndrome: prevention and treatment. ''Hepatology'' 2001 Dec;34(6):1242-51. PMID 11732014</ref>. It is a direct result of changes in the splanchnic and systemic circulation from [[cirrhosis]] or [[fulminant hepatic failure]]. It is usually secondary to trigger events which cause multi-system organ failure <ref name="pmid23117737">{{cite journal |author=Mancini E |title=[Hepatorenal syndrome] |language=Italian |journal=[[Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Società Italiana Di Nefrologia]] |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=563–78 |year=2012 |pmid=23117737 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | '''Hepatorenal syndrome''' (HRS) refers to [[acute renal failure]] that occurs in the setting of [[cirrhosis]] or [[fulminant]] [[liver failure]] associated with [[portal hypertension]], usually in the absence of other disease of the [[kidney]] <ref name=IAC>Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Scholmerich J. Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. ''Hepatology.'' 1996 Jan;23(1):164-76. PMID 8550036</ref><ref name=FloWo>Wong F, Blendis L. New challenge of hepatorenal syndrome: prevention and treatment. ''Hepatology'' 2001 Dec;34(6):1242-51. PMID 11732014</ref>. It is a direct result of changes in the splanchnic and systemic circulation from [[cirrhosis]] or [[fulminant hepatic failure]]. It is usually secondary to trigger events which cause multi-system organ failure <ref name="pmid23117737">{{cite journal |author=Mancini E |title=[Hepatorenal syndrome] |language=Italian |journal=[[Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Società Italiana Di Nefrologia]] |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=563–78 |year=2012 |pmid=23117737 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Hepatorenal syndrome from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
===Natural History=== | |||
===Complications=== | |||
===Prognosis=== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hepatology]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
Revision as of 12:31, 18 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) refers to acute renal failure that occurs in the setting of cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure associated with portal hypertension, usually in the absence of other disease of the kidney [1][2]. It is a direct result of changes in the splanchnic and systemic circulation from cirrhosis or fulminant hepatic failure. It is usually secondary to trigger events which cause multi-system organ failure [3].
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hepatorenal syndrome from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Scholmerich J. Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. Hepatology. 1996 Jan;23(1):164-76. PMID 8550036
- ↑ Wong F, Blendis L. New challenge of hepatorenal syndrome: prevention and treatment. Hepatology 2001 Dec;34(6):1242-51. PMID 11732014
- ↑ Mancini E (2012). "[Hepatorenal syndrome]". Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Società Italiana Di Nefrologia (in Italian). 29 (5): 563–78. PMID 23117737.