Zika virus infection pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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'''From mother to child''' | '''From mother to child''' | ||
Infected pregnant women can transmit the Zika virus during the pregnancy or around the time of birth.<ref name="CDCZikavirustransmission">Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (August 27, 2016). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on September 14, 2016</ref> | *Infected pregnant women can transmit the Zika virus during the pregnancy or around the time of birth.<ref name="CDCZikavirustransmission">Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (August 27, 2016). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on September 14, 2016</ref> | ||
*There are no reports of infants acquiring Zika virus through breastfeeding. Because of nutritional benefits, mothers are encouraged to breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is found. | |||
'''Sexual transmission''' | '''Sexual transmission''' | ||
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*Symptomatic female to her male partner | *Symptomatic female to her male partner | ||
*Longer shedding of Zika virus in semen | *Longer shedding of Zika virus in semen | ||
'''Blood transfusion''' | |||
*Transmission through [[blood transfusion]] is possible as Zika virus has been identified in [[asymptomatic]] donors during an ongoing outbreak.<ref name="CDCZikavirustransmission">Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on December 17, 2015</ref> | *Transmission through [[blood transfusion]] is possible as Zika virus has been identified in [[asymptomatic]] donors during an ongoing outbreak.<ref name="CDCZikavirustransmission">Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on December 17, 2015</ref> | ||
'''Laboratory exposure''' | |||
*There has been one reported case laboratory-acquired Zika virus disease in United States.<ref name="CDCZikavirustransmission">Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (August 27, 2016). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on September 14, 2016</ref> | *There has been one reported case laboratory-acquired Zika virus disease in United States.<ref name="CDCZikavirustransmission">Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (August 27, 2016). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on September 14, 2016</ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:38, 21 September 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Nate Michalak, B.A.; Serge Korjian M.D.; Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Zika virus is a vector-borne pathogen transmitted via the Aedes mosquito that also transmit the dengue and chikungunya viruses. Human-to-human transmission may be possible by sexual intercourse but has not been confirmed. Zika virus is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation before spreading to lymph nodes and then the bloodstream.
Pathophysiology
Transmission
Through mosquito Bites Zika virus is primarily transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitoes are also vectors for dengue and chikungunya viruses.[2][3]
From mother to child
- Infected pregnant women can transmit the Zika virus during the pregnancy or around the time of birth.[3]
- There are no reports of infants acquiring Zika virus through breastfeeding. Because of nutritional benefits, mothers are encouraged to breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is found.
Sexual transmission Zika virus has also been suspected to be sexually transmitted between humans.
- Asymptomatic males to their female partners
- Symptomatic female to her male partner
- Longer shedding of Zika virus in semen
Blood transfusion
- Transmission through blood transfusion is possible as Zika virus has been identified in asymptomatic donors during an ongoing outbreak.[3]
Laboratory exposure
- There has been one reported case laboratory-acquired Zika virus disease in United States.[3]
Pathogenesis
- Mosquito-borne Zika virus is thought to initially replicate in dendritic cells near the site of inoculation before spreading to lymph nodes and then the bloodstream.
- One study indicates that Zika virus replicates in cellular nuclei, as opposed to other flaviviruses that do so in the cytoplasm.[4]
- Zika virus can be killed by potassium permanganate, ether, temperatures >60°C, but is not effectively neutralized by 10% ethanol.[2]
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Associated Conditions
- There was a significant increase in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital microcephaly during the 2014 Zika virus outbreak in French Polynesia and 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Brazil.
- A causal relationship between Zika virus infection and neurological/neurodevelopmental impairments in currently under investigation.[5]
References
- ↑ Zika virus transmission https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html(2016) Accessed on September 14,2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hayes EB (2009). "Zika virus outside Africa". Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (9): 1347–50. doi:10.3201/eid1509.090442. PMC 2819875. PMID 19788800.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Zika Virus Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html Accessed on December 17, 2015
- ↑ Buckley A, Gould EA (1988). "Detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with Zika or Langat virus". J Gen Virol. 69 ( Pt 8): 1913–20. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1913. PMID 2841406.
- ↑ Factsheet for health professionals. European Centre for Disease PRevention and Control (November 27, 2015). http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/factsheet-health-professionals/Pages/factsheet_health_professionals.aspx Accessed on December 21, 2015.