Urethritis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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Urethritis is divided to gonorrheal and non-gonorrheal.Its Pathophysiology Depends on the etiology. | Urethritis is divided to gonorrheal and non-gonorrheal.Its Pathophysiology Depends on the etiology. | ||
===Gonorrhea=== | ===Gonorrhea=== | ||
[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae|N. gonorrhoeae]] | *[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae|N. gonorrhoeae]] is usually transmitted via the genital tract to the human host. | ||
* Gonococcal virulence factors include<ref name="pmid4958881">{{cite journal| author=Sparling PF| title=Genetic transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to streptomycin resistance. | journal=J Bacteriol | year= 1966 | volume= 92 | issue= 5 | pages= 1364-71 | pmid=4958881 | doi= | pmc=276432 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4958881 }} </ref><ref name="pmid4631989">{{cite journal| author=Swanson J| title=Studies on gonococcus infection. IV. Pili: their role in attachment of gonococci to tissue culture cells. | journal=J Exp Med | year= 1973 | volume= 137 | issue= 3 | pages= 571-89 | pmid=4631989 | doi= | pmc=2139381 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4631989 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9701824">{{cite journal| author=Wolfgang M, Lauer P, Park HS, Brossay L, Hébert J, Koomey M| title=PilT mutations lead to simultaneous defects in competence for natural transformation and twitching motility in piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | journal=Mol Microbiol | year= 1998 | volume= 29 | issue= 1 | pages= 321-30 | pmid=9701824 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9701824 }} </ref>: | |||
::Pili, | |||
::The ability to attach to urethral epithelial cells, | |||
::Production of extracellular proteases that cleave IgA. | |||
Following attachment to host cell which is mediated by pili, gonococci become engulfed in a process known as parasite-directed endocytosis. This organism will survive inside the vacuoles and replicate<ref name="pmid9916098">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scheuerpflug I, Rudel T, Ryll R, Pandit J, Meyer TF |title=Roles of PilC and PilE proteins in pilus-mediated adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis to human erythrocytes and endothelial and epithelial cells |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=834–43 |year=1999 |pmid=9916098 |pmc=96394 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 20:54, 21 September 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Urethritis is divided to gonorrheal and non-gonorrheal.Its Pathophysiology Depends on the etiology.
Gonorrhea
- N. gonorrhoeae is usually transmitted via the genital tract to the human host.
- Gonococcal virulence factors include[1][2][3]:
- Pili,
- The ability to attach to urethral epithelial cells,
- Production of extracellular proteases that cleave IgA.
Following attachment to host cell which is mediated by pili, gonococci become engulfed in a process known as parasite-directed endocytosis. This organism will survive inside the vacuoles and replicate[4].
References
- ↑ Sparling PF (1966). "Genetic transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to streptomycin resistance". J Bacteriol. 92 (5): 1364–71. PMC 276432. PMID 4958881.
- ↑ Swanson J (1973). "Studies on gonococcus infection. IV. Pili: their role in attachment of gonococci to tissue culture cells". J Exp Med. 137 (3): 571–89. PMC 2139381. PMID 4631989.
- ↑ Wolfgang M, Lauer P, Park HS, Brossay L, Hébert J, Koomey M (1998). "PilT mutations lead to simultaneous defects in competence for natural transformation and twitching motility in piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Mol Microbiol. 29 (1): 321–30. PMID 9701824.
- ↑ Scheuerpflug I, Rudel T, Ryll R, Pandit J, Meyer TF (1999). "Roles of PilC and PilE proteins in pilus-mediated adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis to human erythrocytes and endothelial and epithelial cells". Infect. Immun. 67 (2): 834–43. PMC 96394. PMID 9916098.