Urethritis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
Urethritis is considered on the basis of any of the following: | Urethritis is considered on the basis of any of the following:<ref name="pmid67816">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs NF, Kraus SJ |title=Gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis in men. Clinical and laboratory differentiation |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=7–12 |year=1975 |pmid=67816 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref><ref name="pmid26042815">{{cite journal |vauthors=Workowski KA, Bolan GA |title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015 |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=64 |issue=RR-03 |pages=1–137 |year=2015 |pmid=26042815 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
:1- Mucoid, mucopurulent, or purulent discharge on examination. | :1- Mucoid, mucopurulent, or purulent discharge on examination. | ||
:2- [[Gram staining|Gram stain]] of urethral secretions demonstrating ≥2 [[WBC]] per field | :2- [[Gram staining|Gram stain]] of urethral secretions demonstrating ≥2 [[WBC]] per field | ||
:3- Positive [[leukocyte esterase test]] on first-void urine or microscopic examination of sediment from a spun first-void urine demonstrating ≥10 [[WBC]] per high power field. | :3- Positive [[leukocyte esterase test]] on first-void urine or microscopic examination of sediment from a spun first-void urine demonstrating ≥10 [[WBC]] per high power field.<ref name="pmid17331273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horner PJ, Taylor-Robinson D |title=Is there a role for leucocyte esterase testing in non-invasive screening using nucleic acid amplification tests of asymptomatic men? |journal=Int J STD AIDS |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=73–4 |year=2007 |pmid=17331273 |doi=10.1258/095646207779949718 |url=}}</ref> | ||
Once the diagnosis based on any of the above mentioned methods is confirmed, further testing to establish the etiology by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) is recommended. | |||
===Gram Stain=== | ===Gram Stain=== | ||
*The presence of [[PMN]]s without any visible organisms is consistent with nongonococcal urethritis. | *The presence of [[PMN]]s without any visible organisms is consistent with nongonococcal urethritis.<ref name="pmid67816">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs NF, Kraus SJ |title=Gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis in men. Clinical and laboratory differentiation |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=7–12 |year=1975 |pmid=67816 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Presumed gonococcal infection is established by documenting the presence of [[WBC]] containing intracellular purple diplococci in [[Gram staining|gram stain]]. | *Presumed gonococcal infection is established by documenting the presence of [[WBC]] containing intracellular purple diplococci in [[Gram staining|gram stain]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:24, 3 October 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Laboratory Findings
Urethritis is considered on the basis of any of the following:[1][2][3]
- 1- Mucoid, mucopurulent, or purulent discharge on examination.
- 2- Gram stain of urethral secretions demonstrating ≥2 WBC per field
- 3- Positive leukocyte esterase test on first-void urine or microscopic examination of sediment from a spun first-void urine demonstrating ≥10 WBC per high power field.[4]
Once the diagnosis based on any of the above mentioned methods is confirmed, further testing to establish the etiology by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) is recommended.
Gram Stain
- The presence of PMNs without any visible organisms is consistent with nongonococcal urethritis.[1]
- Presumed gonococcal infection is established by documenting the presence of WBC containing intracellular purple diplococci in gram stain.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jacobs NF, Kraus SJ (1975). "Gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis in men. Clinical and laboratory differentiation". Ann. Intern. Med. 82 (1): 7–12. PMID 67816.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.
- ↑ Workowski KA, Bolan GA (2015). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015". MMWR Recomm Rep. 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMID 26042815.
- ↑ Horner PJ, Taylor-Robinson D (2007). "Is there a role for leucocyte esterase testing in non-invasive screening using nucleic acid amplification tests of asymptomatic men?". Int J STD AIDS. 18 (2): 73–4. doi:10.1258/095646207779949718. PMID 17331273.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.