Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is considered the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome worldwide.<ref name="pmid15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref> FSGS remains the most common primary glomerulonephropathy across ethnic and racial distribution in the United States. <ref name="pmid27138468">{{cite journal| author=Sim JJ, Batech M, Hever A, Harrison TN, Avelar T, Kanter MH et al.| title=Distribution of Biopsy-Proven Presumed Primary Glomerulonephropathies in 2000-2011 Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Population. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 68 | issue= 4 | pages= 533-44 | pmid=27138468 | doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.416 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27138468 }} </ref> Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) collected over 21 years shows that FSGS is the most common renal pathology identified in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States.<ref name="pmid15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref> | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is considered the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome worldwide.<ref name="pmid15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref> FSGS remains the most common primary glomerulonephropathy across ethnic and racial distribution in the United States. <ref name="pmid27138468">{{cite journal| author=Sim JJ, Batech M, Hever A, Harrison TN, Avelar T, Kanter MH et al.| title=Distribution of Biopsy-Proven Presumed Primary Glomerulonephropathies in 2000-2011 Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Population. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 68 | issue= 4 | pages= 533-44 | pmid=27138468 | doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.416 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27138468 }} </ref> Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) collected over 21 years shows that FSGS is the most common renal pathology identified in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States.<ref name="pmid15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref> | ||
===Incidence and Prevalence=== | ===Incidence and Prevalence=== | ||
The prevalence of FSGS as a lesion associated with ESRD has risen. In 1980, FSGS was the cause of ESRD in only 0.2 percent of patients; by 2000, it was responsible for 2.3 percent of cases of ESRD. <ref name="pmid25168830">{{cite journal| author=Reiser J, Nast CC, Alachkar N| title=Permeability factors in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. | journal=Adv Chronic Kidney Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 417-21 | pmid=25168830 | doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2014.05.010 | pmc=4149759 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25168830 }} </ref> Around the world, there are contrary evidences as to FSGS being the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome. Though, FSGS accounts for 15 to 45% of all primary glomerular diseases worldwide, higher incidence and prevalence of FSGS are seen only in America, India, Brazil and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="pmid: 15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=: 15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref><br> | The incidence and prevalence of FSGS as a lesion associated with ESRD has risen. In 1980, FSGS was the cause of ESRD in only 0.2 percent of patients; by 2000, it was responsible for 2.3 percent of cases of ESRD. <ref name="pmid25168830">{{cite journal| author=Reiser J, Nast CC, Alachkar N| title=Permeability factors in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. | journal=Adv Chronic Kidney Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 417-21 | pmid=25168830 | doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2014.05.010 | pmc=4149759 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25168830 }} </ref> Around the world, there are contrary evidences as to FSGS being the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome. Though, FSGS accounts for 15 to 45% of all primary glomerular diseases worldwide, higher incidence and prevalence of FSGS are seen only in America, India, Brazil and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="pmid: 15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=: 15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref><br> | ||
In Asia, Europe and Australia however, IgA nephropathy remains the most common cause of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome accounting for about 40 to 45% cause of primary glomerulopathy <ref name="pmid: 15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=: 15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref> while in Africa, MCD is the most common cause of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome accounting for 16.5% of all causes of primary NS. <ref name="pmid27011216">{{cite journal| author=Okpechi IG, Ameh OI, Bello AK, Ronco P, Swanepoel CR, Kengne AP| title=Epidemiology of Histologically Proven Glomerulonephritis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2016 | volume= 11 | issue= 3 | pages= e0152203 | pmid=27011216 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152203 | pmc=4806979 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27011216 }} </ref> | In Asia, Europe and Australia however, IgA nephropathy remains the most common cause of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome accounting for about 40 to 45% cause of primary glomerulopathy <ref name="pmid: 15492947">{{cite journal| author=Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB| title=Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 815-25 | pmid=: 15492947 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15492947 }} </ref> while in Africa, MCD is the most common cause of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome accounting for 16.5% of all causes of primary NS. <ref name="pmid27011216">{{cite journal| author=Okpechi IG, Ameh OI, Bello AK, Ronco P, Swanepoel CR, Kengne AP| title=Epidemiology of Histologically Proven Glomerulonephritis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2016 | volume= 11 | issue= 3 | pages= e0152203 | pmid=27011216 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0152203 | pmc=4806979 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27011216 }} </ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief:’’’ Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology & Demographics
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is considered the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome worldwide.[1] FSGS remains the most common primary glomerulonephropathy across ethnic and racial distribution in the United States. [2] Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) collected over 21 years shows that FSGS is the most common renal pathology identified in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States.[1]
Incidence and Prevalence
The incidence and prevalence of FSGS as a lesion associated with ESRD has risen. In 1980, FSGS was the cause of ESRD in only 0.2 percent of patients; by 2000, it was responsible for 2.3 percent of cases of ESRD. [3] Around the world, there are contrary evidences as to FSGS being the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome. Though, FSGS accounts for 15 to 45% of all primary glomerular diseases worldwide, higher incidence and prevalence of FSGS are seen only in America, India, Brazil and Saudi Arabia.[4]
In Asia, Europe and Australia however, IgA nephropathy remains the most common cause of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome accounting for about 40 to 45% cause of primary glomerulopathy [4] while in Africa, MCD is the most common cause of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome accounting for 16.5% of all causes of primary NS. [5]
Age
FSGS is considered a disease of the adult population (compared to minimal change disease which is more common among children). The median age of non-HIV associated FSGS leading to ESRD is 40-49 years in black adults and 70-79 in white and Asian adults.[1]
Gender
The prevalence of FSGS male to female ratio is 1.5-2 to 1.[1]
Race
FSGS is the most common primary renal cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in whites and blacks, contributing to approximately 2% of ESRD.[1] FSGS is more common in blacks. It accounts for approximately 35% of nephrotic syndromes in all cases and approximately 50% of nephrotic syndrome in blacks.[6] FSGS seems to have a higher incidence in Blacks with a familial pattern of inheritance especially in Blacks with family history of ESKD.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB (2004). "Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States". Am J Kidney Dis. 44 (5): 815–25. PMID 15492947.
- ↑ Sim JJ, Batech M, Hever A, Harrison TN, Avelar T, Kanter MH; et al. (2016). "Distribution of Biopsy-Proven Presumed Primary Glomerulonephropathies in 2000-2011 Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Population". Am J Kidney Dis. 68 (4): 533–44. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.416. PMID 27138468.
- ↑ Reiser J, Nast CC, Alachkar N (2014). "Permeability factors in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis". Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 21 (5): 417–21. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2014.05.010. PMC 4149759. PMID 25168830.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB (2004). "Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States". Am J Kidney Dis. 44 (5): 815–25. PMID 15492947 : 15492947 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Okpechi IG, Ameh OI, Bello AK, Ronco P, Swanepoel CR, Kengne AP (2016). "Epidemiology of Histologically Proven Glomerulonephritis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLoS One. 11 (3): e0152203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152203. PMC 4806979. PMID 27011216.
- ↑ Hogg R, Middleton J, Vehaskari VM (2007). "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis--epidemiology aspects in children and adults". Pediatr Nephrol. 22 (2): 183–6. doi:10.1007/s00467-006-0370-5. PMC 1764601. PMID 17151873.