Hemorrhagic stroke causes: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Intracerebral hemorrhage===
Common causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include:<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729  }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973  }} </ref>
* After cerebral infarction
* [[Aneurysm]]
* Vascular malformations
* Drugs ([[cocaine]], [[amphetamines]])
* [[Hypertension]]
* Perinatal hemorrhage
* [[Trauma]]
* [[Vasculitis]]
* Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
* Bleeding disorders
** Liver disease
** Anticoagulant medication
** Thrombolytic therapy
* [[Tumor|Brain tumor]]
* [[Central nervous system|Central nervous system (CNS)]] infection
** [[Encephalitis]]
** [[Herpes simplex]]
===Subarachnoid hemorrhage==
Common causes of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] include:
* [[Arteriovenous malformation]]
* [[Brain tumor]]
* [[Drugs]]-  [[Pergolide]], [[Sumatriptan]]
* [[Fibromuscular dysplasia]] (FMD)
* Hemorrhagic diathesis
* [[Infections]]
* [[Leukemia]]
* Mycotic [[aneurysm]]
* Other [[aneurysm]]s
* Connective tissue diseases
* [[Polycystic kidney disease]]
* Ruptured intracerebral [[aneurysm]]
===Common locations based on casualty===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Cause  
!Cause  
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*S[[ubarachnoid]]
*S[[ubarachnoid]]
|}
|}
Common causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include:<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729  }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973  }} </ref>
* After cerebral infarction
* [[Aneurysm]]
* Vascular malformations
* Drugs ([[cocaine]], [[amphetamines]])
* [[Hypertension]]
* Perinatal hemorrhage
* [[Trauma]]
* [[Vasculitis]]
* Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
* Bleeding disorders
** Liver disease
** Anticoagulant medication
** Thrombolytic therapy
* [[Tumor|Brain tumor]]
* [[Central nervous system|Central nervous system (CNS)]] infection
** [[Encephalitis]]
** [[Herpes simplex]]
Common causes of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] include:
* [[Arteriovenous malformation]]
* [[Brain tumor]]
* [[Drugs]]-  [[Pergolide]], [[Sumatriptan]]
* [[Fibromuscular dysplasia]] (FMD)
* Hemorrhagic diathesis
* [[Infections]]
* [[Leukemia]]
* Mycotic [[aneurysm]]
* Other [[aneurysm]]s
* Connective tissue diseases
* [[Polycystic kidney disease]]
* Ruptured intracerebral [[aneurysm]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:57, 2 November 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Common causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]

=Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:

Common locations based on casualty

Cause Common Location
Hypertensive hemorrhage
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
Transformation of prior ischemic infarction
Aneurysm
Drug
  • Any
  • Lobar
  • Subarachnoid
Coagulopathy
  • Any
Metastatic brain tumor
  • Lobar
Amyloid angiopathy
  • Lobar
Cavernous angioma
  • Intraparenchymal
Head trauma
  • Intraparenchymal
  • Frontal lobes, anterior temporal lobes, subarachnoid, extra-axial (subdural, epidural)
Capillary telangiectasias
Dural arteriovenous fistula

References

  1. ↑ Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S; et al. (2012). "SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage". Stroke. 43 (10): 2592–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603. PMID 22858729.
  2. ↑ Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.
  3. ↑ Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539.
  4. ↑ Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493.
  5. ↑ Rümke CL (1975). "Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed". N Engl J Med. 292 (7): 372–3. PMID 1117973.


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