Hematuria classification: Difference between revisions
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=====Classification by the extent of hematuria | =====Classification by the extent of hematuria===== | ||
#'''Dipstick hematuria:''' Detection of hemoglobin within red blood cells using reagent strips in macroscopically normal urine.This describes the use of reagent strips to detect blood chemically within urine. | #'''Dipstick hematuria:''' Detection of hemoglobin within red blood cells using reagent strips in macroscopically normal urine.This describes the use of reagent strips to detect blood chemically within urine. | ||
#'''Microscopic hematuria:''' Defined as the presence of more than two to five red blood cells per high powered field within macroscopically normal urine on a properly collected urinary specimen in the absence of an obvious benign cause.<ref name="pmid23098784">Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA, Castle EP, Lang EK, Leveillee RJ et al. (2012) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23098784 Diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guideline.] ''J Urol'' 188 (6 Suppl):2473-81. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078 DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/23098784 23098784]</ref> | #'''Microscopic hematuria:''' Defined as the presence of more than two to five red blood cells per high powered field within macroscopically normal urine on a properly collected urinary specimen in the absence of an obvious benign cause.<ref name="pmid23098784">Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA, Castle EP, Lang EK, Leveillee RJ et al. (2012) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23098784 Diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guideline.] ''J Urol'' 188 (6 Suppl):2473-81. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078 DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/23098784 23098784]</ref> | ||
#'''Macroscopic hematuria:''' Defined as the presence of blood in urine that is visible with naked eye. | #'''Macroscopic hematuria:''' Defined as the presence of blood in urine that is visible with naked eye. | ||
=====Classification by the visibility of hematuria===== | =====Classification by the visibility of hematuria===== | ||
#'''Visible hematuria:''' Also known as Frank hematuria/ Macroscopic hematuria/ Gross hematuria.<ref name="Pan2006">{{cite journal|last1=Pan|first1=Cynthia G.|title=Evaluation of Gross Hematuria|journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America|volume=53|issue=3|year=2006|pages=401–412|issn=00313955|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2006.03.002}}</ref> Visible hematuria can be visualized with the naked eye and is also known as frank, gross or macroscopic hematuria. Visible hematuria is more likely to be associated with malignancy. | #'''Visible hematuria:''' Also known as Frank hematuria/ Macroscopic hematuria/ Gross hematuria.<ref name="Pan2006">{{cite journal|last1=Pan|first1=Cynthia G.|title=Evaluation of Gross Hematuria|journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America|volume=53|issue=3|year=2006|pages=401–412|issn=00313955|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2006.03.002}}</ref> Visible hematuria can be visualized with the naked eye and is also known as frank, gross or macroscopic hematuria. Visible hematuria is more likely to be associated with malignancy. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Classification by the extent of hematuria
- Dipstick hematuria: Detection of hemoglobin within red blood cells using reagent strips in macroscopically normal urine.This describes the use of reagent strips to detect blood chemically within urine.
- Microscopic hematuria: Defined as the presence of more than two to five red blood cells per high powered field within macroscopically normal urine on a properly collected urinary specimen in the absence of an obvious benign cause.[1]
- Macroscopic hematuria: Defined as the presence of blood in urine that is visible with naked eye.
Classification by the visibility of hematuria
- Visible hematuria: Also known as Frank hematuria/ Macroscopic hematuria/ Gross hematuria.[2] Visible hematuria can be visualized with the naked eye and is also known as frank, gross or macroscopic hematuria. Visible hematuria is more likely to be associated with malignancy.
- Initial hematuria: May indicate urethral pathology
- Terminal hematuria: Hematuria at the end of the stream that comes from the proximal urethra (bladder neck/prostate).
- Complete hematuria: Hematuria throughout the entire stream suggests bladder, ureteric or renal pathology.
- Non-visible hematuria: Non-visible hematuria encompasses dipstick and microscopic hematuria.[3]
Classification by the duration of hematuria
- Transient hematuria: A single urinalysis with hematuria is common and can result from menstruation, viral illness, allergy, exercise, fever, or mild trauma.
- Persistent or Significant hematuria: >3 RBCs/HPF on three urinalyses, a single urinalysis with >100 RBCs, or gross hematuria.
References
- ↑ Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA, Castle EP, Lang EK, Leveillee RJ et al. (2012) Diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guideline. J Urol 188 (6 Suppl):2473-81. DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.078 PMID: 23098784
- ↑ Pan, Cynthia G. (2006). "Evaluation of Gross Hematuria". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 53 (3): 401–412. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2006.03.002. ISSN 0031-3955.
- ↑ "www.surgeryjournal.co.uk".