Hematuria classification

Hematuria Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Definition
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hematuria from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Interventions
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Hematuria classification On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hematuria classification All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Hematuria classification
CDC on Hematuria classification
Hematuria classification in the news
Blogs on Hematuria classification
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hematuria
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hematuria classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]

Classification

Classification by the extent of hematuria

1. Dipstick hematuria: Detection of hemoglobin within red blood cells using reagent strips in macroscopically normal urine.This describes the use of reagent strips to detect blood chemically within urine.
2. Microscopic hematuria: Defined as the presence of more than two to five red blood cells per high powered field within macroscopically normal urine on a properly collected urinary specimen in the absence of an obvious benign cause.
3. Macroscopic hematuria: Defined as the presence of blood in urine that is visible with naked eye.

Classification by the visibility of hematuria

1. Visible hematuria: Also known as Frank hematuria/ Macroscopic hematuria/ Gross hematuria. Visible hematuria can be visualized with the naked eye and is also known as frank, gross or macroscopic hematuria. Visible hematuria is more likely to be associated with malignancy.
   1. Initial hematuria: May indicate urethral pathology
   2. Terminal hematuria: Hematuria at the end of the stream that comes from the proximal urethra (bladder neck/prostate).
   3. Complete hematuria: Hematuria throughout the entire stream suggests bladder, ureteric or renal pathology.
2. Non-visible hematuria: Non-visible hematuria encompasses dipstick and microscopic hematuria.

Classification by the duration of hematuria

1. Transient hematuria: A single urinalysis with hematuria is common and can result from menstruation, viral illness, allergy, exercise, fever, or mild trauma.
2. Persistent or Significant hematuria: >3 RBCs/HPF on three urinalyses, a single urinalysis with >100 RBCs, or gross hematuria.