Zika virus infection epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===United States=== | ===United States=== | ||
*There have been cases of local level transmission in the continental United States.<ref name=cases>Reported cases http://www.cdc.gov/zika/intheus/maps-zika-us.html (September 14, 2016) Accessed on September 16, 2016 </ref> | *There have been cases of local level transmission in the continental United States.<ref name=cases>Reported cases http://www.cdc.gov/zika/intheus/maps-zika-us.html (September 14, 2016) Accessed on September 16, 2016 </ref> | ||
*By October 12th,2016 - | *By October 12th,2016 - 215 locally-acquired cases have been reported in the United States (100% in Florida) and 34,463 in U.S. territories. | ||
* | *4541 travel associated cases have been reported in the United States and 131 in U.S. territories. | ||
====Travel Associated cases of ZIKV==== | ====Travel Associated cases of ZIKV==== | ||
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Revision as of 17:04, 27 December 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.; Serge Korjian M.D.; Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]; Tarek Nafee, M.D. [3]
Overview
In 2015, Zika virus infection outbreaks rose dramatically, particularly in Brazil as observed by the manifestation of a correlated complication, microcephaly, in infants born to mothers with Zika virus infection, an incidence of approximately 100 per 100,000 infants. The majority of Zika virus infection cases are reported in South Africa and Tropical Asia. As of 2014, Zika Virus infection outbreaks have also become more common in South America. Cases reported in other regions of the world are attributed to travel from areas with outbreaks. Zika virus infection affects all age groups, with newborn infants particularly vulnerable due to risk of transmission from the mothers upon birth.
Epidemiology
- As only 1 in 5 people with Zika virus usually becomes symptomatic, and given that the symptoms are generally mild, it is hard to establish a clear incidence of the infection.
- The incidence of Zika virus infection is often correlated to the one of its circumstantially associated complications: microcephaly
- Based on this method, the incidence of Zika virus infection in increasing.
- As of November 2015, it is estimated that 99.7/100,000 live births of infants displaying microcephaly could be attributed to Zika virus.
- This is a twentyfold increase from 2010's report of 5.7/100,000 cases.[2]
Worldwide Distribution
- According to Pan American Health Organisation (WHO regional office for Americas), 48 countries and territories have confirmed indigenous vector-borne transmission of Zika virus in the region of Americas since 2015(most recent update December 15, 2016).[3]
- Five countries in the Americas reported sexually transmitted Zika cases.
- Argentina
- Canada
- Chile
- Peru
- The United States of America
- The British Virgin Islands have also confirmed vector borne autochthonous transmission of Zika virus.
North America
- Mexico: Showing downward trend on number of confirmed cases.
- United States of America: Zika transmission continues to expand.
- Florida: No new local transmission cases were reported since 7 December 2016. On 9 December, Miami beach area was declared clear of any ongoing active Zika transmission.
- Texas: Four additional cases of suspected locally transmitted Zika virus disease cases were detected in Cameron County.The cases were identified as part of the followup to state’s first case of Zika likely transmitted by mosquito, announced on 28 November.
Central America
- Central America has decreasing trend of cases except in Panama, where there has been increasing trend of cases since the beginning of outbreak.
- Between late 2015 and early 2016, there was greatest increase in Zika cases in Central America.
Caribbean
- The Caribbean countries are showing decreasing trends expect in Anguilla where, there has been an increasing trend in cases. In Saint Martin, a French oversea territory, the epidemic continues to decline erratically with a recent increase in the number of visits to emergency services.
South America
- All countries of South America are showing decreasing trends except in Paraguay and Peru,particularly in the city of Iquitos,where an increasing tendency is observed.
Singapore
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the first local transmission of Zika virus infection (Zika) was reported in Singapore in August 2016.
United States
- There have been cases of local level transmission in the continental United States.[4]
- By October 12th,2016 - 215 locally-acquired cases have been reported in the United States (100% in Florida) and 34,463 in U.S. territories.
- 4541 travel associated cases have been reported in the United States and 131 in U.S. territories.
Travel Associated cases of ZIKV
†Data based on CDC (2016).[4] Figure owned by WikiDoc - must be redistributed!
Locally Acquired cases of ZIKV
| State or Territory | Number of Cases |
|---|---|
| Puerto Rico | 33,487 |
| U.S Virgin Islands | 862 |
| Florida | 210 |
| American Samoa | 114 |
| Texas | 5 |
- Laboratory-confirmed Zika virus disease cases reported to ArboNET by state or territory (as of September 14, 2016).[4]
Demographics
Age
Gender
- Men and women are equally affected by Zika virus infection.
References
- ↑ Boeuf P, Drummer HE, Richards JS, Scoullar MJ, Beeson JG (2016). "The global threat of Zika virus to pregnancy: epidemiology, clinical perspectives, mechanisms, and impact". BMC Med. 14 (1): 112. doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0660-0. PMC 4973112. PMID 27487767.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Epidemiological Alert: Neurological Syndromes, Congenital Malformations, and Zika Virus Infection. Implications for Public Health in the Americas". Pan American Health Organization. Pan American Health Organization. December 1, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
- ↑ WHO http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&id=11599&Itemid=41691 (September 8, 2016) Accessed on September 15, 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Reported cases http://www.cdc.gov/zika/intheus/maps-zika-us.html (September 14, 2016) Accessed on September 16, 2016
- ↑ "Zika Virus: Geographical Distribution". CIDRAP Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. University of Minnesota. December 1, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015.