Congenital rubella syndrome laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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====Serological Testing==== | ====Serological Testing==== | ||
Serological testing for CRS involves testing for [[IgG]] or [[IgM]] [[antibodies]] against rubella or testing for [[IgG]] [[avidity]]. This can be done using [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]], hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) or immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA).<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12130613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Best JM, O'Shea S, Tipples G, Davies N, Al-Khusaiby SM, Krause A, Hesketh LM, Jin L, Enders G |title=Interpretation of rubella serology in pregnancy--pitfalls and problems |journal=BMJ |volume=325 |issue=7356 |pages=147–8 |year=2002 |pmid=12130613 |pmc=1123673 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Serological testing for CRS involves testing for [[IgG]] or [[IgM]] [[antibodies]] against rubella or testing for [[IgG]] [[avidity]]. This can be done using [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]], hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) or immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA).<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12130613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Best JM, O'Shea S, Tipples G, Davies N, Al-Khusaiby SM, Krause A, Hesketh LM, Jin L, Enders G |title=Interpretation of rubella serology in pregnancy--pitfalls and problems |journal=BMJ |volume=325 |issue=7356 |pages=147–8 |year=2002 |pmid=12130613 |pmc=1123673 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid8576339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, Eckstein MB, O'Shea S, Vijayalakshmi P, Banatvala JE, Morton K, Best JM |title=Use of PCR for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of congenital rubella |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=2881–7 |year=1995 |pmid=8576339 |pmc=228600 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11057968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andrews N, Pebody RG, Berbers G, Blondeau C, Crovari P, Davidkin I, Farrington P, Fievet-Groyne F, Gabutti G, Gerike E, Giordano C, Hesketh L, Marzec T, Morgan-Capner P, Osborne K, Pleisner AM, Raux M, Tischer A, Ruden U, Valle M, Miller E |title=The European Sero-Epidemiology Network: standardizing the enzyme immunoassay results for measles, mumps and rubella |journal=Epidemiol. Infect. |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=127–41 |year=2000 |pmid=11057968 |pmc=2869578 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15135741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tipples GA, Hamkar R, Mohktari-Azad T, Gray M, Ball J, Head C, Ratnam S |title=Evaluation of rubella IgM enzyme immunoassays |journal=J. Clin. Virol. |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=233–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15135741 |doi=10.1016/j.jcv.2003.11.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15099751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giessauf A, Letschka T, Walder G, Dierich MP, Würzner R |title=A synthetic peptide ELISA for the screening of rubella virus neutralizing antibodies in order to ascertain immunity |journal=J. Immunol. Methods |volume=287 |issue=1-2 |pages=1–11 |year=2004 |pmid=15099751 |doi=10.1016/j.jim.2003.12.011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7615708">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, O'Shea S, Banatvala JE, Best JM |title=PCR for detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical samples |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=1075–9 |year=1995 |pmid=7615708 |pmc=228107 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 21:51, 16 January 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome Microchapters |
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Differentiating Congenital Rubella Syndrome from other Diseases |
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Overview
Laboratory Findings
Prenatal Testing
Invasive Techniques
Several invasive techniques can be done during pregnancy, depending on the gestational age. These techniques include:[1][2][3][4][5]
| Technique | Timing/ Gestational age at which it is performed | Results | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amniocentesis | after 15 weeks |
|
|
| Fetal blood sampling | after 18-20 weeks | ||
| Chorionic villus sampling | after 11 weeks |
Post-natal Testing
Isolation of Virus
Serological Testing
Serological testing for CRS involves testing for IgG or IgM antibodies against rubella or testing for IgG avidity. This can be done using ELISA, hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) or immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA).[1][6] [7][8][9][10][11]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A (2006). "Rubella infection in pregnancy". Reprod. Toxicol. 21 (4): 390–8. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014. PMID 16580940.
- ↑ Morgan-Capner P, Hodgson J, Hambling MH, Dulake C, Coleman TJ, Boswell PA, Watkins RP, Booth J, Stern H, Best JM (1985). "Detection of rubella-specific IgM in subclinical rubella reinfection in pregnancy". Lancet. 1 (8423): 244–6. PMID 2857319.
- ↑ Ho-Terry L, Terry GM, Londesborough P, Rees KR, Wielaard F, Denissen A (1988). "Diagnosis of fetal rubella infection by nucleic acid hybridization". J. Med. Virol. 24 (2): 175–82. PMID 3351485.
- ↑ Terry GM, Ho-Terry L, Warren RC, Rodeck CH, Cohen A, Rees KR (1986). "First trimester prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella: a laboratory investigation". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 292 (6525): 930–3. PMC 1339854. PMID 3083942.
- ↑ Valente P, Sever JL (1994). "In utero diagnosis of congenital infections by direct fetal sampling". Isr. J. Med. Sci. 30 (5–6): 414–20. PMID 8034496.
- ↑ Best JM, O'Shea S, Tipples G, Davies N, Al-Khusaiby SM, Krause A, Hesketh LM, Jin L, Enders G (2002). "Interpretation of rubella serology in pregnancy--pitfalls and problems". BMJ. 325 (7356): 147–8. PMC 1123673. PMID 12130613.
- ↑ Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, Eckstein MB, O'Shea S, Vijayalakshmi P, Banatvala JE, Morton K, Best JM (1995). "Use of PCR for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of congenital rubella". J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 (11): 2881–7. PMC 228600. PMID 8576339.
- ↑ Andrews N, Pebody RG, Berbers G, Blondeau C, Crovari P, Davidkin I, Farrington P, Fievet-Groyne F, Gabutti G, Gerike E, Giordano C, Hesketh L, Marzec T, Morgan-Capner P, Osborne K, Pleisner AM, Raux M, Tischer A, Ruden U, Valle M, Miller E (2000). "The European Sero-Epidemiology Network: standardizing the enzyme immunoassay results for measles, mumps and rubella". Epidemiol. Infect. 125 (1): 127–41. PMC 2869578. PMID 11057968.
- ↑ Tipples GA, Hamkar R, Mohktari-Azad T, Gray M, Ball J, Head C, Ratnam S (2004). "Evaluation of rubella IgM enzyme immunoassays". J. Clin. Virol. 30 (3): 233–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2003.11.006. PMID 15135741.
- ↑ Giessauf A, Letschka T, Walder G, Dierich MP, Würzner R (2004). "A synthetic peptide ELISA for the screening of rubella virus neutralizing antibodies in order to ascertain immunity". J. Immunol. Methods. 287 (1–2): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2003.12.011. PMID 15099751.
- ↑ Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, O'Shea S, Banatvala JE, Best JM (1995). "PCR for detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical samples". J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 (5): 1075–9. PMC 228107. PMID 7615708.