Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is often a blood-borne infection caused by Enteric organisms-70% (Mono-microbial in 90%). | * Spontaneous bacterial [[peritonitis]] is often a blood-borne infection caused by Enteric organisms-70% (Mono-microbial in 90%). | ||
* [[Aerobic bacteria|Aerobic]] [[gram-negative bacteria]] like ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' account for half of the cases. | * [[Aerobic bacteria|Aerobic]] [[gram-negative bacteria]] like ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' account for half of the cases. | ||
* [[Gram-positive cocci]] ''[[Streptococcus]]''sp in 20% cases with enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases | * [[Gram-positive cocci]] ''[[Streptococcus]]''sp in 20% cases with enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases | ||
* ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus salivarius]]'' are less frequent causes. | * ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus salivarius]]'' are less frequent causes. | ||
* Poly-microbial infection is mostly because of Iatrogenic cause (more likely associated with abdominal paracentesis) or intra-abdominal source of infection. | * Poly-microbial infection is mostly because of [[Iatrogenic]] cause (more likely associated with abdominal [[paracentesis]]) or intra-abdominal source of infection. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is often a blood-borne infection caused by Enteric organisms-70% (Mono-microbial in 90%). | * Spontaneous bacterial [[peritonitis]] is often a blood-borne infection caused by Enteric organisms-70% (Mono-microbial in 90%). | ||
* [[Aerobic bacteria|Aerobic]] [[gram-negative bacteria]] like ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' account for half of the cases. | * [[Aerobic bacteria|Aerobic]] [[gram-negative bacteria]] like ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' account for half of the cases. | ||
* [[Gram-positive cocci]] ''[[Streptococcus]]''sp in 20% cases with enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases | * [[Gram-positive cocci]] ''[[Streptococcus]]''sp in 20% cases with enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases | ||
* ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus salivarius]]'' are less frequent causes. | * ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus salivarius]]'' are less frequent causes. | ||
* Poly-microbial infection is mostly because of Iatrogenic cause (more likely associated with abdominal paracentesis) or intra-abdominal source of infection. | * Poly-microbial infection is mostly because of Iatrogenic cause (more likely associated with abdominal [[paracentesis]]) or intra-abdominal source of infection. | ||
A variety of abnormalities contributing to the infection were identified which include: | A variety of abnormalities contributing to the infection were identified which include: | ||
** GI bleeding | ** GI bleeding | ||
**↑Colonization of the small bowel with prominent bacterial translocation | **↑Colonization of the small bowel with prominent bacterial translocation | ||
**↓Opsonic activity in blood and ascitic fluid | **↓Opsonic activity in blood and ascitic fluid | ||
** Impaired | ** Impaired [[Complement]] | ||
** Leukocyte dysfunction | ** Leukocyte dysfunction | ||
**↓Antibodies | **↓Antibodies | ||
**↑Immunosuppressive cytokines, endotoxin, TNF | **↑Immunosuppressive [[cytokines]], endotoxin, [[TNF]] | ||
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{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | Cariogenic [[ascites]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dermatologic''' | | '''[[Dermatologic]]''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 15:51, 23 January 2017
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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Microchapters |
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Differentiating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2];Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.;Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is often a blood-borne infection caused by Enteric organisms-70% (Mono-microbial in 90%).
- Aerobic gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli account for half of the cases.
- Gram-positive cocci Streptococcussp in 20% cases with enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases
- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus salivarius are less frequent causes.
- Poly-microbial infection is mostly because of Iatrogenic cause (more likely associated with abdominal paracentesis) or intra-abdominal source of infection.
Causes
Common Causes
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is often a blood-borne infection caused by Enteric organisms-70% (Mono-microbial in 90%).
- Aerobic gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli account for half of the cases.
- Gram-positive cocci Streptococcussp in 20% cases with enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases
- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus salivarius are less frequent causes.
- Poly-microbial infection is mostly because of Iatrogenic cause (more likely associated with abdominal paracentesis) or intra-abdominal source of infection.
A variety of abnormalities contributing to the infection were identified which include:
- GI bleeding
- ↑Colonization of the small bowel with prominent bacterial translocation
- ↓Opsonic activity in blood and ascitic fluid
- Impaired Complement
- Leukocyte dysfunction
- ↓Antibodies
- ↑Immunosuppressive cytokines, endotoxin, TNF
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
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