Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Yamuna Kondapally (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha
5,127 edits
Yamuna Kondapally (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha
5,127 edits
Line 52: Line 52:
*Difficult to perform test, time-consuming procedure, and not always successful.
*Difficult to perform test, time-consuming procedure, and not always successful.
*The isoenzyme analysis is negative for many microscopy positive stool samples<ref name="pmid8163695">{{cite journal| author=González-Ruiz A, Haque R, Aguirre A, Castañón G, Hall A, Guhl F et al.| title=Value of microscopy in the diagnosis of dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 1994 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 236-9 | pmid=8163695 | doi= | pmc=501902 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8163695  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9041357">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Faruque AS, Hahn P, Lyerly DM, Petri WA| title=Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1997 | volume= 175 | issue= 3 | pages= 734-6 | pmid=9041357 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9041357  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8567882">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Neville LM, Hahn P, Petri WA| title=Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 1995 | volume= 33 | issue= 10 | pages= 2558-61 | pmid=8567882 | doi= | pmc=228528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8567882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2894495">{{cite journal| author=Strachan WD, Chiodini PL, Spice WM, Moody AH, Ackers JP| title=Immunological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. | journal=Lancet | year= 1988 | volume= 1 | issue= 8585 | pages= 561-3 | pmid=2894495 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2894495  }} </ref>
*The isoenzyme analysis is negative for many microscopy positive stool samples<ref name="pmid8163695">{{cite journal| author=González-Ruiz A, Haque R, Aguirre A, Castañón G, Hall A, Guhl F et al.| title=Value of microscopy in the diagnosis of dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 1994 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 236-9 | pmid=8163695 | doi= | pmc=501902 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8163695  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9041357">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Faruque AS, Hahn P, Lyerly DM, Petri WA| title=Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1997 | volume= 175 | issue= 3 | pages= 734-6 | pmid=9041357 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9041357  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8567882">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Neville LM, Hahn P, Petri WA| title=Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 1995 | volume= 33 | issue= 10 | pages= 2558-61 | pmid=8567882 | doi= | pmc=228528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8567882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2894495">{{cite journal| author=Strachan WD, Chiodini PL, Spice WM, Moody AH, Ackers JP| title=Immunological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. | journal=Lancet | year= 1988 | volume= 1 | issue= 8585 | pages= 561-3 | pmid=2894495 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2894495  }} </ref>
*
|-
|-
|Antibody Detection Tests
|Antibody Detection Tests

Revision as of 02:16, 10 February 2017

Liver abscess Main Page

Amoebic liver abscess Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating amoebic liver abscess from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Diagnostic Approach

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies

CDC on Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies

Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies in the news

Blogs on Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type chapter name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Amoebic liver abscess other diagnostic studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Other Diagnostic Tests

Needle aspiration

  • Needle aspiration is used to differentiate between amoebic and pyogenic liver abscess
  • The ultrasound and CT are used to guide percutaneous aspiration and drainage.
  • The aspirated fluid is odorless unless secondarily infected
  • The pathognomonic of the aspirate is the reddish-brown anchovy paste appearance, which indicates that the abscess has been present for weeks.
  • The trophozoites are present only in the wall of the abscess. Rest of abscess is composed of lysed leukocytes.
Laboratory Method Findings
Microscopy
  • Microscopic techniques include 1. Wet preparation 2. Concentration 3. Permanently stained smears[1]
  • Less reliable method than culture or antigen detection test[2][3]
  • Minimum three stool samples are examined for ova and parasites within 10days of sample collection as organisms are excreted intermittently[4]
  • Presence of RBCs in trophozoites is diagnostic of Entamoeba histolytica
  • The specificity of the test is low as the trophozoites containing RBCs are not present in all cases and E dispar may also contain RBCs in trophozoites[5][6]
Wet (Saline) preparation
  • Very insensitive method (<10%) Procedure
  • The sample is a fresh specimen that should be examined within 1 hr of collection
  • The test is positive when RBCs in trophozoites are detected
  • It is not used in patients without acute dysentery as trophozoites will not contain RBCs
 Concentration Technique
  • It is helpful in detecting cysts in the stool sample in asymptomatic carriers
 Permanently stained smears
  • This is an important method for identification and recovery of Entamoeba species
Culture Methods
  • The specimens for the culture of E histolytica include fecal specimens, rectal biopsy specimens or liver abscess aspirates.
  • There are two culture techniques. They are xenic and axenic systems.[7]
  • Culture of E histolytica is less sensitive than microscopy as a detection method.
  • Parasite cultures are expensive, labor intensive and difficult to maintain in the diagnostic laboratory.
  • Culture is not recommended as the routine diagnostic test due to overgrowth of other organisms like bacteria and fungi in the culture media.
Isoenzyme analysis
  • Isoenzyme analysis is useful in the differentiation of Entamoeba species.[8][9][10]
  • There are three isoenzymes (zymodyme) for E histolytica and one for E dispar.
  • This techniques helps in differentiation of E histolytica and E dispar and is considered gold standard for diagnosing amoebic infection prior to development of newer DNA-based techniques.

Disadvantages

  • Difficult to perform test, time-consuming procedure, and not always successful.
  • The isoenzyme analysis is negative for many microscopy positive stool samples[5][11][12][6]
Antibody Detection Tests
Antigen Detection Tests
Immunochromatographic Assays

DNA-Based Diagnostic Tests

Laboratory Methods Findings
Manual Methods
Automated Methods
Conventional PCR
Real-Time PCR
Microarray Development
Typing Methods

References

  1. ↑ Huston CD, Haque R, Petri WA (1999). "Molecular-based diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection". Expert Rev Mol Med. 1999: 1–11. doi:doi:10.1017/S1462399499000599 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 14987356.
  2. ↑ Tanyuksel M, Petri WA (2003). "Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 16 (4): 713–29. PMC 207118. PMID 14557296.
  3. ↑ Krogstad DJ, Spencer HC, Healy GR, Gleason NN, Sexton DJ, Herron CA (1978). "Amebiasis: epidemiologic studies in the United States, 1971-1974". Ann Intern Med. 88 (1): 89–97. PMID 619763.
  4. ↑ Li E, Stanley SL (1996). "Protozoa. Amebiasis". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 25 (3): 471–92. PMID 8863036.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 González-Ruiz A, Haque R, Aguirre A, Castañón G, Hall A, Guhl F; et al. (1994). "Value of microscopy in the diagnosis of dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica". J Clin Pathol. 47 (3): 236–9. PMC 501902. PMID 8163695.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Strachan WD, Chiodini PL, Spice WM, Moody AH, Ackers JP (1988). "Immunological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica". Lancet. 1 (8585): 561–3. PMID 2894495.
  7. ↑ Clark CG, Diamond LS (2002). "Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance". Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (3): 329–41. PMC 118080. PMID 12097242.
  8. ↑ Sargeaunt PG, Jackson TF, Wiffen S, Bhojnani R, Williams JE, Felmingham D; et al. (1987). "The reliability of Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical laboratory diagnosis". Arch Invest Med (Mex). 18 (2): 69–75. PMID 2889435.
  9. ↑ Blanc D, Sargeaunt PG (1991). "Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes: exhibition of gamma and delta bands only of glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase may be influenced by starch content in the medium". Exp Parasitol. 72 (1): 87–90. PMID 1825198.
  10. ↑ Jackson TF, Suparsad S (1997). "Zymodeme stability of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar". Arch Med Res. 28 Spec No: 304–5. PMID 9033111.
  11. ↑ Haque R, Faruque AS, Hahn P, Lyerly DM, Petri WA (1997). "Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh". J Infect Dis. 175 (3): 734–6. PMID 9041357.
  12. ↑ Haque R, Neville LM, Hahn P, Petri WA (1995). "Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits". J Clin Microbiol. 33 (10): 2558–61. PMC 228528. PMID 8567882.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Amoebic_liver_abscess_other_diagnostic_studies&oldid=1292570"