Amoebic liver abscess overview: Difference between revisions
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Amoebic liver abscess is caused by a [[protozoan]] ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''. | Amoebic liver abscess is caused by a [[protozoan]] ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''. | ||
==Differential | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
==Epidemiology And Demographics== | ==Epidemiology And Demographics== | ||
[[Amoebiasis]] is the second leading cause of death worldwide from parasitic disease.<ref>Leber, Amy L., and Susan Novak-Weekley. "Intestinal and urogenital amebae, flagellates, and ciliates." Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th Edition. American Society of Microbiology, 2011. 2149-2171.</ref><ref name="pmid18725798">{{cite journal| author=Baxt LA, Singh U| title=New insights into Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 489-94 | pmid=18725798 | doi=10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830ce75f | pmc=2688559 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18725798 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12700377">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA| title=Amebiasis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 16 | pages= 1565-73 | pmid=12700377 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra022710 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12700377 }} </ref>500 million people are infected with ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' every year. 50 million individuals develop [[liver abscess]] and [[colitis]] and results in death in 40,000-100,000 individuals annually. Of all cases of [[amoebiasis]], 3% to 9% of patients reported to have [[amoebic liver abscess]]. It most commonly occurs in 20 to 45 years age. | [[Amoebiasis]] is the second leading cause of death worldwide from parasitic disease.<ref>Leber, Amy L., and Susan Novak-Weekley. "Intestinal and urogenital amebae, flagellates, and ciliates." Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th Edition. American Society of Microbiology, 2011. 2149-2171.</ref><ref name="pmid18725798">{{cite journal| author=Baxt LA, Singh U| title=New insights into Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 489-94 | pmid=18725798 | doi=10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830ce75f | pmc=2688559 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18725798 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12700377">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA| title=Amebiasis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 16 | pages= 1565-73 | pmid=12700377 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra022710 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12700377 }} </ref>500 million people are infected with ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' every year. 50 million individuals develop [[liver abscess]] and [[colitis]] and results in death in 40,000-100,000 individuals annually. Of all cases of [[amoebiasis]], 3% to 9% of patients reported to have [[amoebic liver abscess]]. It most commonly occurs in 20 to 45 years age. | ||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:00, 14 February 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Hepatic amoebiasis; Extraintestinal amoebiasis; Abscess-amoebic liver
Overview
Amoebic liver abscess is caused by a protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Is it an inflammatory space occupying lesion in liver.
Historical Perspective
Amoebiasis was first described as a deadly disease by Hippocrates. [1]. The first case of amoebiasis was documented in 1875.
Classification
Liver abscess may be classified into 3 types based on etiology into pyogenic, amoebic, and fungal liver abscess.[2]. Based on duration of symptoms, amoebic liver abscess is classified into acute and chronic.
Pathophysiology
Ameoebic liver abscess is caused by a protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of amoebiasis. The mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica include fecal-oral route (ingestion of food and water contaminated with feces containing cysts), sexual transmission via oral-rectal route in homosexuals, vector transmission via flies, cockroaches, and rodents.[3][4] Hepatocyte programmed cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic liver abscess. The infection is transmitted to liver by portal venous system.[5]
Causes
Amoebic liver abscess is caused by a protozoan Entamoeba histolytica.
Differential Diagnosis
Epidemiology And Demographics
Amoebiasis is the second leading cause of death worldwide from parasitic disease.[6][7][8]500 million people are infected with Entamoeba histolytica every year. 50 million individuals develop liver abscess and colitis and results in death in 40,000-100,000 individuals annually. Of all cases of amoebiasis, 3% to 9% of patients reported to have amoebic liver abscess. It most commonly occurs in 20 to 45 years age.
Risk Factors
References
- ↑ Tanyuksel M, Petri WA (2003). "Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 16 (4): 713–29. PMC 207118. PMID 14557296.
- ↑ Mavilia MG, Molina M, Wu GY (2016). "The Evolving Nature of Hepatic Abscess: A Review". J Clin Transl Hepatol. 4 (2): 158–68. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2016.00004. PMC 4913073. PMID 27350946.
- ↑ Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J (2012). "Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective". Clin Microbiol Rev. 25 (3): 420–49. doi:10.1128/CMR.05038-11. PMC 3416492. PMID 22763633.
- ↑ Stanley SL (2003). "Amoebiasis". Lancet. 361 (9362): 1025–34. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12830-9. PMID 12660071.
- ↑ Aikat BK, Bhusnurmath SR, Pal AK, Chhuttani PN, Datta DV (1979). "The pathology and pathogenesis of fatal hepatic amoebiasis--A study based on 79 autopsy cases". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73 (2): 188–92. PMID 473308.
- ↑ Leber, Amy L., and Susan Novak-Weekley. "Intestinal and urogenital amebae, flagellates, and ciliates." Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th Edition. American Society of Microbiology, 2011. 2149-2171.
- ↑ Baxt LA, Singh U (2008). "New insights into Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21 (5): 489–94. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830ce75f. PMC 2688559. PMID 18725798.
- ↑ Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA (2003). "Amebiasis". N Engl J Med. 348 (16): 1565–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMra022710. PMID 12700377.