Cervicitis causes: Difference between revisions
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*[[Intrauterine device]] | *[[Intrauterine device]] | ||
*Local [[trauma]] to the cervix | *Local [[trauma]] to the [[cervix]] | ||
*[[Latex condom]] | *[[Latex condom]] | ||
Revision as of 17:28, 27 February 2017
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Cervicitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cervicitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cervicitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.[2] Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [3]
Overview
Cervicitis is caused by infectious [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and non-infectious causes. The infectious causes are most commonly caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea, with chlamydia accounting for the majority of cases. Trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex are less common causes of cervicitis. Non-infectious causes of cervicitis include: intrauterine devices, contraceptive diaphragms, and allergic reactions to spermicides or latex condoms.
Causes
Cervicitis may be caused by infectious and non-infectious causes.
Common Causes
The most common causes of infectious cervicitis are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Gonorrhea
- Herpes simplex virus (genital herpes) mostly type 2
- Human papillomavirus (genital warts)
- Mycoplasma genitalium
- Trichomoniasis
Non-infectious causes of cervicitis include:
- Contraceptive creams
- Intrauterine device
- Local trauma to the cervix
- Spermicides
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia trachomatis, fungi, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, mycoplasma genitalium, neisseria gonorrhoeae, parasites, streptococci group A, trichomonas vaginalis, tuberculosis, viruses |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric / Gynecologic | Nabothian cyst |
| Oncologic | Malignancy |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Behcet's syndrome, contraceptive creams, latex condom, reactive arthritis, Reiter's Disease, spermicides, systemic inflammatory diseases |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Cervical cap, contraceptive diaphragm, intrauterine device, pessary, surgical instruments, tampon |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Foreign bodies, radiation therapy, vaginal douches |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Contraceptive creams
- Contraceptive diaphragm
- Spermicides
- Streptococci group A
- Systemic inflammatory diseases
- Vaginal douches
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lusk MJ, Garden FL, Rawlinson WD, Naing ZW, Cumming RG, Konecny P (2016). "Cervicitis aetiology and case definition: a study in Australian women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics". Sex Transm Infect. 92 (3): 175–81. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2015-052332. PMID 26586777.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gaydos C, Maldeis NE, Hardick A, Hardick J, Quinn TC (2009). "Mycoplasma genitalium as a contributor to the multiple etiologies of cervicitis in women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics". Sex Transm Dis. 36 (10): 598–606. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181b01948. PMC 2924808. PMID 19704398.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mobley VL, Hobbs MM, Lau K, Weinbaum BS, Getman DK, Seña AC (2012). "Mycoplasma genitalium infection in women attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic: diagnostic specimen type, coinfections, and predictors". Sex Transm Dis. 39 (9): 706–9. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318255de03. PMC 3428747. PMID 22902666.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ona S, Molina RL, Diouf K (2016). "Mycoplasma genitalium: An Overlooked Sexually Transmitted Pathogen in Women?". Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2016: 4513089. doi:10.1155/2016/4513089. PMC 4860244. PMID 27212873.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lusk MJ, Konecny P (2008). "Cervicitis: a review". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f3d988. PMID 18192786.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Marrazzo JM, Martin DH (2007). "Management of women with cervicitis". Clin Infect Dis. 44 Suppl 3: S102–10. doi:10.1086/511423. PMID 17342663.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Korte JE, Baseman JB, Cagle MP, Herrera C, Piper JM, Holden AE; et al. (2006). "Cervicitis and genitourinary symptoms in women culture positive for Mycoplasma genitalium". Am J Reprod Immunol. 55 (4): 265–75. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00359.x. PMID 16533338.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Shokri A, Teshnizi SH, Sadough A, Taghavi M (2015). "Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Parasitol Res. 114 (4): 1291–300. doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4393-3. PMID 25732256.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Nugent RP, Hillier SL (1992). "Mucopurulent cervicitis as a predictor of chlamydial infection and adverse pregnancy outcome. The Investigators of the Johns Hopkins Study of Cervicitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome". Sex Transm Dis. 19 (4): 198–202. PMID 1411834.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Eschenbach DA, Buchanan TM, Pollock HM, Forsyth PS, Alexander ER, Lin JS; et al. (1975). "Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease". N Engl J Med. 293 (4): 166–71. doi:10.1056/NEJM197507242930403. PMID 806017.