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==Overview==
==Overview==
Urethritis is the cause of several millions of healthcare visits in the United States. It is most common among sexually active young adults. The most common etiologies for urethritis are [[Chlamydia Trachomatis]] and N. gonorrhea; available epidemiological data focus on these two pathogens.
Urethritis is the cause of several millions of healthcare visits in the United States. It is most common among sexually active young adults. The most common etiologies for urethritis are [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] and [[N. gonorrheae|N. gonorrhea]]; available epidemiological data focus on these two pathogens.


==Epidemiology==
==Epidemiology==
[[Chlamydia]] and [[gonorrhea]] are the most commonly reported diseases to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ([[CDC]]). Worldwide, there are an estimated 78 million cases of gonorrheal and 131 million of chlamydia yearly.<ref name=who> WHO epidemiology http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/ (2016) Accessed on September 26, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid25254560">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torrone E, Papp J, Weinstock H |title=Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14-39 years--United States, 2007-2012 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=63 |issue=38 |pages=834–8 |year=2014 |pmid=25254560 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
[[Chlamydia]] and [[gonorrhea]] are the most commonly reported diseases to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ([[CDC]]). Worldwide, there are an estimated 78 million gonorrheal cases, and 131 million cases of chlamydia yearly.<ref name=who> WHO epidemiology http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/ (2016) Accessed on September 26, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid25254560">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torrone E, Papp J, Weinstock H |title=Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14-39 years--United States, 2007-2012 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=63 |issue=38 |pages=834–8 |year=2014 |pmid=25254560 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*'''Chlamydia trachomatis''' is the most common reportable disease in the US; 1,441,789 chlamydial infections were reported to the CDC in 2014 which corresponds to a rate of 456.1 cases per 100,000 population.  
*'''Chlamydia trachomatis''' is the most common reportable disease in the US; 1,441,789 chlamydial infections were reported to the CDC in 2014 which corresponds to a rate of 456.1 cases per 100,000 population.  
Line 18: Line 18:


===Gender===
===Gender===
*'''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]:''' In 2014, the overall rate of [[chlamydia]] infection in the United States among women (627.2 cases per 100,000 females) based on reported cases was over two times the rate among men (278.4 cases per 100,000 males).<ref name="urlNational Overview - 2014 STD Surveillance">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/natoverview.htm |title=National Overview - 2014 STD Surveillance |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*'''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]:''' In 2014, the overall rate of [[chlamydia]] infection in the United States among women was 627.2 cases per 100,000 females, over two times the rate among men (278.4 cases per 100,000 males).<ref name="urlNational Overview - 2014 STD Surveillance">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/natoverview.htm |title=National Overview - 2014 STD Surveillance |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*'''[[Gonorrhea]]:''' In 2014, in the United States incidence of [[gonorrhea]] was reported 120 cases per 100,000 males, while it was reported 100 cases per 100,000 female.
*'''[[Gonorrhea]]:''' In 2014, incidence of [[gonorrhea]] in the United States was reported as 120 cases per 100,000 males, while it was reported as 100 cases per 100,000 female.


===Age===
===Age===
Line 27: Line 27:
===Race===
===Race===
*'''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]:''' In 2014, the [[chlamydia]] rate in African-Americans was 6 times the rate in Caucasians, and the rate among American Indians/Alaska Natives was almost 4 times the rate among Caucasians.<ref name="urlChlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm |title=Chlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*'''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]:''' In 2014, the [[chlamydia]] rate in African-Americans was 6 times the rate in Caucasians, and the rate among American Indians/Alaska Natives was almost 4 times the rate among Caucasians.<ref name="urlChlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm |title=Chlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*'''[[Gonorrhea]]:''' In 2014, the rate of reported [[gonorrhea]] cases remained highest among African-Americans (405.4 cases per 100,000 individuals). The rate among African-Americans was 10.6 times the rate among Caucasians (38.3 cases per 100,000 population). The [[gonorrhea]] rate among American Indians/Alaska Natives (159.4 cases per 100,000 individuals) was 4.2 times that of Caucasians.<ref name="urlChlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm |title=Chlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*'''[[Gonorrhea]]:''' In 2014, the rate of reported [[gonorrhea]] cases remained highest among African-Americans (405.4 cases per 100,000 individuals). The rate among African-Americans was 10.6 times the rate among Caucasians (38.3 cases per 100,000 population). The [[gonorrhea]] rate among American Indians/Alaska natives was 159.4 cases per 100,000 individuals, 4.2 times that of Caucasians.<ref name="urlChlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/chlamydia.htm |title=Chlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>




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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

Urethritis is the cause of several millions of healthcare visits in the United States. It is most common among sexually active young adults. The most common etiologies for urethritis are Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhea; available epidemiological data focus on these two pathogens.

Epidemiology

Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most commonly reported diseases to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Worldwide, there are an estimated 78 million gonorrheal cases, and 131 million cases of chlamydia yearly.[1][2]

Incidence

  • Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common reportable disease in the US; 1,441,789 chlamydial infections were reported to the CDC in 2014 which corresponds to a rate of 456.1 cases per 100,000 population.
  • Gonorrhea: In 2014, a total of 350,062 gonorrhea cases were reported, and the national gonorrhea rate increased to 110.7 cases per 100,000 population in the US[3].

Prevalence

Based on The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the overall prevalence of chlamydia among persons aged 14–39 years was 1.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.4–2.0) during 2007-2012.[4]

Demographics

Gender

  • Chlamydia trachomatis: In 2014, the overall rate of chlamydia infection in the United States among women was 627.2 cases per 100,000 females, over two times the rate among men (278.4 cases per 100,000 males).[3]
  • Gonorrhea: In 2014, incidence of gonorrhea in the United States was reported as 120 cases per 100,000 males, while it was reported as 100 cases per 100,000 female.

Age

Race

  • Chlamydia trachomatis: In 2014, the chlamydia rate in African-Americans was 6 times the rate in Caucasians, and the rate among American Indians/Alaska Natives was almost 4 times the rate among Caucasians.[4]
  • Gonorrhea: In 2014, the rate of reported gonorrhea cases remained highest among African-Americans (405.4 cases per 100,000 individuals). The rate among African-Americans was 10.6 times the rate among Caucasians (38.3 cases per 100,000 population). The gonorrhea rate among American Indians/Alaska natives was 159.4 cases per 100,000 individuals, 4.2 times that of Caucasians.[4]


  • Rate of Chlamydia reported cases by gender
    Rate of Chlamydia reported cases by gender
  • Chlamydia Prevalence by race and age
    Chlamydia Prevalence by race and age
  • Rate of Gonorrhea reported cases by sex
    Rate of Gonorrhea reported cases by sex
  • Gonorrhea Prevalence by race
    Gonorrhea Prevalence by race

References

  1. ↑ WHO epidemiology http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs110/en/ (2016) Accessed on September 26, 2016
  2. ↑ Torrone E, Papp J, Weinstock H (2014). "Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14-39 years--United States, 2007-2012". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 63 (38): 834–8. PMID 25254560.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "National Overview - 2014 STD Surveillance".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Chlamydia - 2014 STD Surveillance".
  5. ↑ Chlamydia CDC Fact Sheet. CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia-detailed.htm#_ENREF_3. Accessed on September 28,2016

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