Urethritis screening

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

High-risk individuals should be screened for sexually transmitted diseases. The U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) developed recommendations for this screening.

Screening

According to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), screening for sexually transmitted disease is recommended as outlined below for Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhea.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Population	Recommendations
Women	Sexually active women under 25 years of age Sexually active women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk Prior history of sexually transmitted infection A new sex partner More than one sex partner A sex partner with concurrent partners A sex partner who has a sexually transmitted infection Retest 3 months after treatment.
Men	Consider screening young men in high-prevalence clinical settings or in populations with a high burden of infection (e.g., men who have sex with men)
Pregnant women	All pregnant women under 25 years of age Pregnant women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk Retest during the third trimester for women under 25 years of age or at risk Pregnant women with chlamydial infection should have a test-of-cure 3-4 weeks after treatment and be retested within 3 months
Men Who have Sex With Men (MSM)	At least annually for sexually active MSM at sites of contact (urethra, rectum) regardless of condom use Every 3 to 6 months if at increased risk
HIV positive patients	For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation and at least annually More frequent screening may be indicated depending on individual risk behaviors and local epidemiology

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Population	Recommendations
Women	Sexually active women under 25 years of age Sexually active women age 25 years and older if at increased risk Prior history of sexually transmitted infection A new sex partner More than one sex partner A sex partner with concurrent partners A sex partner who has a sexually transmitted infection Retest 3 months after treatment.
Men Who have Sex With Men (MSM)	At least annually for sexually active MSM at sites of contact (urethra, rectum, pharynx) regardless of condom use Every 3 to 6 months if at increased risk
Pregnant women	All pregnant women under 25 years of age and older women if at increased risk Retest 3 months after treatment
HIV positive patients	For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation and at least annually More frequent screening may be indicated depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology