Hand-foot-and-mouth disease natural history

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]

Complications

Complications of hand-foot and mouth disease include:

• Viral or aseptic meningitis

• Can rarely occur with HFMD
• Viral meningitis causes fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain. The condition is usually mild and clears without treatment; however, some patients may need to be hospitalized for a short time.

• Encephalitis (swelling of the brain) which can be fatal
• A polio-like paralysis is rare but a possible complication.
• Fingernail and toenail loss

• Occurs mostly in children within 4 weeks of having hand, foot, and mouth disease. However, the nail loss has been temporary and nail growth resumed without medical treatment.

Other complications include:

• Meningitis
• Acute flaccid paralysis)
• Pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage.

Prognosis

Hand foot mouth disease is a self limiting disease and complete recovery occurs in 5 to 7 days.