Hand-foot-and-mouth disease natural history: Difference between revisions
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*Acute flaccid [[paralysis]]) | *Acute flaccid [[paralysis]]) | ||
*Cardiopulmonary failure<ref name="pmid27001010">{{cite journal| author=Long L, Xu L, Xiao Z, Hu S, Luo R, Wang H et al.| title=Neurological complications and risk factors of cardiopulmonary failure of EV-A71-related hand, foot and mouth disease. | journal=Sci Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= 23444 | pmid=27001010 | doi=10.1038/srep23444 | pmc=4802311 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27001010 }} </ref> | *Cardiopulmonary failure<ref name="pmid27001010">{{cite journal| author=Long L, Xu L, Xiao Z, Hu S, Luo R, Wang H et al.| title=Neurological complications and risk factors of cardiopulmonary failure of EV-A71-related hand, foot and mouth disease. | journal=Sci Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= 23444 | pmid=27001010 | doi=10.1038/srep23444 | pmc=4802311 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27001010 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Pulmonary edema]] or [[pulmonary hemorrhage]]. | *[[Pulmonary edema]] or [[pulmonary hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]<ref name="pmid26877620">{{cite journal| author=Zhang YF, Deng HL, Fu J, Zhang Y, Wei JQ| title=Pancreatitis in hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2016 | volume= 22 | issue= 6 | pages= 2149-52 | pmid=26877620 | doi=10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2149 | pmc=4726688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26877620 }} </ref> | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
Revision as of 15:10, 19 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2], Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
The outbreaks of hand foot mouth disease occur during the period of warm temperatures of spring, summer, and fall, showing a strong seasonal pattern.[1] Hand foot mouth disease affects infants and children, and is quite common. It is highly contagious and is spread through direct contact with the mucus or feces of an infected person. Transmission is by direct contact with nose and throat discharges, saliva, fluid from blisters, or stools of an infected person. It typically occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens, usually during the summer and autumn months.The symptoms appear within 3 days to 1 week after the infection with mild fever, poor appetite, malaise and sore throat, followed by development of painful sores develop in the mouth. The mouth ulcers are usually seen on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks. The skin rash develops over 1 to 2 days as a flat red patch with blisters on the palms and foot. Hand foot mouth disease usually resolves in a week to 10 days, but very rarely complications such as meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis can occur.
Complications
Complications of hand foot and mouth disease include:
- Viral or aseptic meningitis, it presents with fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain.[2]
- Encephalitis
- A polio-like paralysis
- Fingernail and toenail loss, usually occurs mostly in children within 4 weeks of having hand, foot, and mouth disease. However, the nail loss has been temporary and nail growth resumed without medical treatment.[3][4]
- Acute flaccid paralysis)
- Cardiopulmonary failure[5]
- Pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage
- Acute pancreatitis[6]
Prognosis
Hand foot mouth disease is a self limiting disease and complete recovery occurs in 5 to 7 days.
References
- ↑ Nguyen HX, Chu C, Nguyen HL, Nguyen HT, Do CM, Rutherford S; et al. (2017). "Temporal and spatial analysis of hand, foot, and mouth disease in relation to climate factors: A study in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam". Sci Total Environ. 581-582: 766–772. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.006. PMID 28063653.
- ↑ Lee KY (2016). "Enterovirus 71 infection and neurological complications". Korean J Pediatr. 59 (10): 395–401. doi:10.3345/kjp.2016.59.10.395. PMC 5099286. PMID 27826325.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/enterovirus/hfhf.htm#10
- ↑ Gan XL, Zhang TD (2017). "Onychomadesis after hand-foot-and-mouth disease". CMAJ. 189 (7): E279. doi:10.1503/cmaj.160388. PMC 5318214. PMID 28246241.
- ↑ Long L, Xu L, Xiao Z, Hu S, Luo R, Wang H; et al. (2016). "Neurological complications and risk factors of cardiopulmonary failure of EV-A71-related hand, foot and mouth disease". Sci Rep. 6: 23444. doi:10.1038/srep23444. PMC 4802311. PMID 27001010.
- ↑ Zhang YF, Deng HL, Fu J, Zhang Y, Wei JQ (2016). "Pancreatitis in hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71". World J Gastroenterol. 22 (6): 2149–52. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2149. PMC 4726688. PMID 26877620.