Candida vulvovaginitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
Candida vulvovaginitis is caused by many different species of Candida. They are divided into [[Candida albicans]] and Candida non-albicans species based on the causative pathogen: | |||
===Common Causes=== | |||
*[[Candida albicans]]: These strains are isolated in 85 to 95% patients with [[yeast]] infection.<ref name="pmid12932875">{{cite journal| author=Corsello S, Spinillo A, Osnengo G, Penna C, Guaschino S, Beltrame A et al.| title=An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy. | journal=Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | year= 2003 | volume= 110 | issue= 1 | pages= 66-72 | pmid=12932875 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12932875 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Candida]] non albicans: [[Candida glabrata]] is the most common isolated pathogen in this group affecting 10 to 20% of women and is associated with recurrent [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]].<ref name="pmid15456373">{{cite journal| author=Okungbowa FI, Isikhuemhen OS, Dede AP| title=The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigerian cities. | journal=Rev Iberoam Micol | year= 2003 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 60-3 | pmid=15456373 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15456373 }} </ref> | |||
===Less Common Causes=== | |||
These are less commonly isolated in patients but is important to identify the [[species]] as they are less sensitive to standard [[azole]] therapy and cause recurrent infection.<ref name="pmid12237629">{{cite journal| author=Bauters TG, Dhont MA, Temmerman MI, Nelis HJ| title=Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women. | journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol | year= 2002 | volume= 187 | issue= 3 | pages= 569-74 | pmid=12237629 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12237629 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12794215">{{cite journal| author=Holland J, Young ML, Lee O, C-A Chen S| title=Vulvovaginal carriage of yeasts other than Candida albicans. | journal=Sex Transm Infect | year= 2003 | volume= 79 | issue= 3 | pages= 249-50 | pmid=12794215 | doi= | pmc=1744683 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12794215 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Candida parapsilosis]]<ref name="pmid16040326">{{cite journal| author=Nyirjesy P, Alexander AB, Weitz MV| title=Vaginal Candida parapsilosis: pathogen or bystander? | journal=Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 37-41 | pmid=16040326 | doi=10.1080/10647440400025603 | pmc=1784559 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16040326 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Candida tropicalis]] | |||
*[[Candida krusei]]<ref name="pmid12384840">{{cite journal| author=Singh S, Sobel JD, Bhargava P, Boikov D, Vazquez JA| title=Vaginitis due to Candida krusei: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapy. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2002 | volume= 35 | issue= 9 | pages= 1066-70 | pmid=12384840 | doi=10.1086/343826 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12384840 }} </ref> | |||
Revision as of 15:10, 1 May 2017
Overview
Candida vulvovaginitis is caused by many different species of Candida. They are divided into Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans species based on the causative pathogen:
Common Causes
- Candida albicans: These strains are isolated in 85 to 95% patients with yeast infection.[1]
- Candida non albicans: Candida glabrata is the most common isolated pathogen in this group affecting 10 to 20% of women and is associated with recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis.[2]
Less Common Causes
These are less commonly isolated in patients but is important to identify the species as they are less sensitive to standard azole therapy and cause recurrent infection.[3][4]
- ↑ Corsello S, Spinillo A, Osnengo G, Penna C, Guaschino S, Beltrame A; et al. (2003). "An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 110 (1): 66–72. PMID 12932875.
- ↑ Okungbowa FI, Isikhuemhen OS, Dede AP (2003). "The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigerian cities". Rev Iberoam Micol. 20 (2): 60–3. PMID 15456373.
- ↑ Bauters TG, Dhont MA, Temmerman MI, Nelis HJ (2002). "Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 187 (3): 569–74. PMID 12237629.
- ↑ Holland J, Young ML, Lee O, C-A Chen S (2003). "Vulvovaginal carriage of yeasts other than Candida albicans". Sex Transm Infect. 79 (3): 249–50. PMC 1744683. PMID 12794215.
- ↑ Nyirjesy P, Alexander AB, Weitz MV (2005). "Vaginal Candida parapsilosis: pathogen or bystander?". Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 13 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1080/10647440400025603. PMC 1784559. PMID 16040326.
- ↑ Singh S, Sobel JD, Bhargava P, Boikov D, Vazquez JA (2002). "Vaginitis due to Candida krusei: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapy". Clin Infect Dis. 35 (9): 1066–70. doi:10.1086/343826. PMID 12384840.