Candida vulvovaginitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2], Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Candida vulvovaginitis is caused by many different species of Candida. They are divided into Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans species based on the causative pathogen.
Causes
Common Causes
- Candida albicans: These strains are isolated in 85 to 95% patients with yeast infection.[1]
- Candida non albicans: Candida glabrata is the most common isolated pathogen in this group affecting 10 to 20% of women and is associated with recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis.[2]
Less Common Causes
These are less commonly isolated in patients but is important to identify the species as they are less sensitive to standard azole therapy and cause recurrent infection.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Corsello S, Spinillo A, Osnengo G, Penna C, Guaschino S, Beltrame A; et al. (2003). "An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 110 (1): 66–72. PMID 12932875.
- ↑ Okungbowa FI, Isikhuemhen OS, Dede AP (2003). "The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigerian cities". Rev Iberoam Micol. 20 (2): 60–3. PMID 15456373.
- ↑ Bauters TG, Dhont MA, Temmerman MI, Nelis HJ (2002). "Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 187 (3): 569–74. PMID 12237629.
- ↑ Holland J, Young ML, Lee O, C-A Chen S (2003). "Vulvovaginal carriage of yeasts other than Candida albicans". Sex Transm Infect. 79 (3): 249–50. PMC 1744683. PMID 12794215.
- ↑ Nyirjesy P, Alexander AB, Weitz MV (2005). "Vaginal Candida parapsilosis: pathogen or bystander?". Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 13 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1080/10647440400025603. PMC 1784559. PMID 16040326.
- ↑ Singh S, Sobel JD, Bhargava P, Boikov D, Vazquez JA (2002). "Vaginitis due to Candida krusei: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapy". Clin Infect Dis. 35 (9): 1066–70. doi:10.1086/343826. PMID 12384840.