Toxic shock syndrome epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===General Incidence and Prevalance=== | ===General Incidence and Prevalance=== | ||
* TSS became a nationally notifiable disease in 1980. After the initial epidemic, the number of reported cases decreased significantly. | * Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) became a nationally notifiable disease in 1980. After the initial epidemic, the number of reported cases decreased significantly. Close observation during 1986 which was conducted in different parts of the United States, confirms the decreasing trend. The total incidence (0.5 per 100,000 population) confirmed the substantial decrease in the incidence of menstrual TSS observed in the passive surveillance system. Incidence rates declined from 6 to 12 per 100,000 among women 12-49 years of age in 1980 to 1 per 100,000 among women 15-44 years of age in 1986.<ref name="urlToxic Shock Syndrome in the United States: Surveillance Update, 1979–19961 - Volume 5, Number 6—December 1999 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC">{{cite web |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/5/6/99-0611_article#fn1 |title=Toxic Shock Syndrome in the United States: Surveillance Update, 1979–19961 - Volume 5, Number 6—December 1999 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Apart from menstruation associated TSS, non-menstruating cases having a skin or soft tissue infection have also been identified.<ref name="pmid218606652">{{cite journal |vauthors=DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R |title=Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=e22997 |year=2011 |pmid=21860665 |pmc=3157910 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0022997 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In a study conducted during 2000-2006, the average annual incidence per 100,000 persons of all TSS cases was 0.52 cases (95% CI, 0.32–0.77), of menstrual cases was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.39–1.16), and of non-menstrual cases was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.12–0.67). Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000. <ref name="pmid218606653">{{cite journal |vauthors=DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R |title=Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=e22997 |year=2011 |pmid=21860665 |pmc=3157910 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0022997 |url=}}</ref> | * In a study conducted during 2000-2006, the average annual incidence per 100,000 persons of all TSS cases was 0.52 cases (95% CI, 0.32–0.77), of menstrual cases was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.39–1.16), and of non-menstrual cases was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.12–0.67). Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000. <ref name="pmid218606653">{{cite journal |vauthors=DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R |title=Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=e22997 |year=2011 |pmid=21860665 |pmc=3157910 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0022997 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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* Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000 based on incidence data from 2000-2003. | * Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000 based on incidence data from 2000-2003. | ||
* It has been estimated that each year 1 to 17 of every 100,000 menstruating females will get TSS. In the US in 1997, only five confirmed menstrual-related TSS cases were reported, compared with 814 cases in 1980, according to data from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).]] | * It has been estimated that each year 1 to 17 of every 100,000 menstruating females will get TSS. In the US in 1997, only five confirmed menstrual-related TSS cases were reported, compared with 814 cases in 1980, according to data from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).]] | ||
* About 25 percent of non-menstrual cases of Toxic shock syndrome occur in males. | |||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
General Incidence and Prevalance
- Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) became a nationally notifiable disease in 1980. After the initial epidemic, the number of reported cases decreased significantly. Close observation during 1986 which was conducted in different parts of the United States, confirms the decreasing trend. The total incidence (0.5 per 100,000 population) confirmed the substantial decrease in the incidence of menstrual TSS observed in the passive surveillance system. Incidence rates declined from 6 to 12 per 100,000 among women 12-49 years of age in 1980 to 1 per 100,000 among women 15-44 years of age in 1986.[1] Apart from menstruation associated TSS, non-menstruating cases having a skin or soft tissue infection have also been identified.[2]
- In a study conducted during 2000-2006, the average annual incidence per 100,000 persons of all TSS cases was 0.52 cases (95% CI, 0.32–0.77), of menstrual cases was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.39–1.16), and of non-menstrual cases was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.12–0.67). Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000. [3]
- MRSA strains have increased in prevalence during the last decade and MRSA have been reported as the cause of TSS.[4]
Gender based differences
- Approximately half the cases of staphylococcal TSS reported today are associated with tampon use during menstruation, usually in young women, though TSS also occurs in children, men, and non-menstruating women.
- Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000 based on incidence data from 2000-2003.
- It has been estimated that each year 1 to 17 of every 100,000 menstruating females will get TSS. In the US in 1997, only five confirmed menstrual-related TSS cases were reported, compared with 814 cases in 1980, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
- About 25 percent of non-menstrual cases of Toxic shock syndrome occur in males.
- ↑ "Toxic Shock Syndrome in the United States: Surveillance Update, 1979–19961 - Volume 5, Number 6—December 1999 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC".
- ↑ DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R (2011). "Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e22997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022997. PMC 3157910. PMID 21860665.
- ↑ DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R (2011). "Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e22997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022997. PMC 3157910. PMID 21860665.
- ↑ DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R (2011). "Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e22997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022997. PMC 3157910. PMID 21860665.