Endometriosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Endometriosis is a condition affecting women in the reproductive age group. The presenting features include cyclical abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, pain with passing stools and pain while having intercourse.

History and Symptoms

The most common symptom of endometriosis is cyclical severe lower abdominal pain with menorrhagia. The following is a list of common presenting symptoms in a patient with endometriosis:

• Premenstrual or intermenstrual spotting (bleeding between periods): It is also called as secondary dysmenorrhea or as triple dysmenorrhea, because the the onset of pain is prior to the first day of menstrual cycle and the pain continues for 2 to 3 days after the last of the the cycle.
• Prolonged menstrual bleeding and increased amount of bleeding (menorrhagia)
• Painful sex (dyspareunia)
• Cyclical rectal bleeding
• Painful bowel movements (dyschezia)
• Painful urination (dysuria) and hematuria
• Nausea and vomiting
• Infertility and subfertility
• Patients with endometriotic cyst of the ovary may present with an acute abdomen
• Endometriotic cysts in the thoracic cavity may cause thoracic endometriosis syndrome and present as catamenial pneumothorax with features of chest pain and breathlessness.