Mastoiditis causes: Difference between revisions
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* ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''<ref name="pmid22578647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF |title=Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges |journal=J Microbiol Immunol Infect |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=377–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22578647 |doi=10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008 |url=}}</ref> | * ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''<ref name="pmid22578647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF |title=Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges |journal=J Microbiol Immunol Infect |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=377–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22578647 |doi=10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The most common causes for AM is ''S. pneumoniae'', followed by ''S. pyogenes'' and ''S. aureus'' | * The most common causes for AM is ''S. pneumoniae'', followed by ''S. pyogenes'' and ''S. aureus''<ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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* Despite being the second most frequent cause of AOM, ''H. influenzae'' is rare in AM of childhood | * Despite being the second most frequent cause of AOM, ''H. influenzae'' is rare in AM of childhood.<ref name="pmid17493691">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benito MB, Gorricho BP |title=Acute mastoiditis: increase in the incidence and complications |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=71 |issue=7 |pages=1007–11 |year=2007 |pmid=17493691 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.014 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 19:42, 23 June 2017
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Causes
Common Causes
Mastoiditis is caused by bacterial pathogens for preceding infectious otitis media:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae,
- Streptococcus pyogenes,
- Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus),[1]
- The most common causes for AM is S. pneumoniae, followed by S. pyogenes and S. aureus[3]
- Despite being the second most frequent cause of AOM, H. influenzae is rare in AM of childhood.[4]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | Cholesteatoma, cochlear implant infections |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency, Nijmegen breakage syndrome |
| Hematologic | Histiocytosis X |
| Iatrogenic | Cochlear implant infections |
| Infectious Disease | Anaerobic bacteria, bacteroides, blastomycosis, enterobacteriaceae, fusobacterium, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pasteurella multocida, peptostreptococcus, porphyromonas, prevotella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, streptococcus Group A, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Histiocytosis X |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Histiocytosis X |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3References
- ↑ Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A (2008). "Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (5): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013. PMID 18304656.
- ↑ Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF (2012). "Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 45 (5): 377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008. PMID 22578647.
- ↑ Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A (2012). "Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 76 (10): 1494–500. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002. PMID 22832239.
- ↑ Benito MB, Gorricho BP (2007). "Acute mastoiditis: increase in the incidence and complications". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 71 (7): 1007–11. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.014. PMID 17493691.