Filariasis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Filariasis can have varied clinical presentations depending on their cause. Symptoms include fever, headache, pruritus, scrotal and leg swelling and pulmonary symptoms

History and Symptoms

• History of travelling should be asked to the patients to know if they were in endemic areas of the diseases before or not.
• Filariasis symptoms depends on the type of the roundworm causing the disease. In this table a collection of the symptoms occur by each worm.

Diseases	Most common symptoms	Less common symptoms	Images
Lymphatic filariasis	Lymphatic filariasis may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Symptoms include: Elephantiasis (frequently in the lower extremities) Scrotal swelling Nocturnal cough Fever Malaise Headache Chills	Abscess formation at the site of lymph nodes affected. Pain in the genital area.	Elephantiasis:
Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus)	Subcutaneous lumps Pruritis Lymphadenitis	Impaired visual acuity Blindness (known as river blindness disease).
Loiasis (Loa Loa)	Subcutaneous swellings Urticaria Pain	Breast calcification Arthralgia
Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca infections and Mansonella ozzardi	Mostly asymptomatic	If symptomatic, it includes the following: Abdominal pain Pruritis Lymphangitis

Onchocerciasis can cause

• Pruritus
• Dermatitis
• The most serious manifestation consists of ocular lesions that can progress to blindness.

Loiasis (Loa loa) can cause

• Asymptomatic
• Episodic angioedema (Calabar swellings)

Infections by Mansonella perstans can cause

• Asymptomatic
• Angioedema
• Pruritus
• Fever
• Headaches
• Arthralgias
• Neurologic manifestations

Mansonella streptocerca can cause

• Pruritus
• Papular eruptions
• Pigmentation changes

Mansonella ozzardi can cause symptoms that include

• Arthralgias
• Headaches
• Fever
• Pulmonary symptoms
• Pruritus