Microsporidiosis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of microsporidiosis include microscopic identification of the organism in fecal smears, positive PCR, and positive serology. | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of microsporidiosis include microscopic identification of the organism in fecal smears, positive [[PCR]], and [[Serology|positive serology]]. | ||
==Lab findings== | ==Lab findings== | ||
===Microscopic identification of the organism=== | ===Microscopic identification of the organism=== | ||
*Identification of the organism in the stool specimens is a quick and cheap method for diagnosis. | *Identification of the organism in the stool specimens is a quick and cheap method for diagnosis. | ||
*Special stains must be used because spores are not visible with ordinary stains. | *Special stains must be used because [[spores]] are not visible with ordinary stains. | ||
*Using chromotrope 2R method, spores appear pink with belt like stripes in the middle of the spores. | *Using chromotrope 2R method, [[spores]] appear pink with belt like stripes in the middle of the spores. | ||
*Chromotrope 2R staining technique takes about 90 minutes. | *Chromotrope 2R staining technique takes about 90 minutes. | ||
*Using Quick hot gram chromotrope, organism appears dark violet and the belt-like stripes are enhanced. | *Using Quick hot gram chromotrope, organism appears dark violet and the belt-like stripes are enhanced. | ||
*Quick hot gram provides better visualization of the organism and cuts down the time needed for staining to 10 minutes. | *Quick hot gram provides better visualization of the organism and cuts down the time needed for staining to 10 minutes. | ||
*Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores measure 0.8 - 1.4 mcm while Anncaliia algerae, Encephalitozoon spp., Vittaforma corneae, and Nosema spp spores measure 1.5 - 4 mcm. | *[[Enterocytozoon bieneusi]] [[spores]] measure 0.8 - 1.4 mcm while Anncaliia algerae, Encephalitozoon spp., Vittaforma corneae, and Nosema spp spores measure 1.5 - 4 mcm. | ||
*Fecal smears shows no WBCs nor blood unless concamitant infection is present. | *Fecal smears shows no [[WBC|WBCs]] nor blood unless concamitant infection is present. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
![[Image:Unidentified microsporidia stained with Chromotrope 2R..jpg|center|300px|thumb|Unidentified microsporidia stained with Chromotrope 2R]] | ![[Image:Unidentified microsporidia stained with Chromotrope 2R..jpg|center|300px|thumb|Unidentified microsporidia stained with Chromotrope 2R]] | ||
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===Serologic assays:=== | ===Serologic assays:=== | ||
*IgM or IgG anti microsporidial antibodies can be detected in serum using indirect immunofluorescence assays. | *[[IgM]] or [[IgG]] anti microsporidial antibodies can be detected in serum using indirect [[immunofluorescence]] assays. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
![[Image:Ehellem spores IFA 2012.jpg|center|300px|thumb| Monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence identification of Encephalitozoon hellem.]] | ![[Image:Ehellem spores IFA 2012.jpg|center|300px|thumb| Monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence identification of Encephalitozoon hellem.]] | ||
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===PCR=== | ===PCR=== | ||
*Molecular identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi using PCR is available. | *Molecular identification of [[Enterocytozoon bieneusi]], Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi using [[PCR]] is available. | ||
*PCR is the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosing microsporidiosis yet it is expensive and not recommended for routine diagnosis. | *[[PCR]] is the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosing microsporidiosis yet it is expensive and not recommended for routine diagnosis. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:29, 1 July 2017
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Microsporidiosis Microchapters |
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Microsporidiosis laboratory findings On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Microsporidiosis laboratory findings |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Microsporidiosis laboratory findings |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of microsporidiosis include microscopic identification of the organism in fecal smears, positive PCR, and positive serology.
Lab findings
Microscopic identification of the organism
- Identification of the organism in the stool specimens is a quick and cheap method for diagnosis.
- Special stains must be used because spores are not visible with ordinary stains.
- Using chromotrope 2R method, spores appear pink with belt like stripes in the middle of the spores.
- Chromotrope 2R staining technique takes about 90 minutes.
- Using Quick hot gram chromotrope, organism appears dark violet and the belt-like stripes are enhanced.
- Quick hot gram provides better visualization of the organism and cuts down the time needed for staining to 10 minutes.
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores measure 0.8 - 1.4 mcm while Anncaliia algerae, Encephalitozoon spp., Vittaforma corneae, and Nosema spp spores measure 1.5 - 4 mcm.
- Fecal smears shows no WBCs nor blood unless concamitant infection is present.
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 |
 |
|---|
Serologic assays:
- IgM or IgG anti microsporidial antibodies can be detected in serum using indirect immunofluorescence assays.
 |
|---|
PCR
- Molecular identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi using PCR is available.
- PCR is the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosing microsporidiosis yet it is expensive and not recommended for routine diagnosis.